Leptin is a hormone secreted primarily by adipose tissue and its blood levels depend on the amount of fat stored in adipocytes. Leptin has a wide range of physiological effects. Acting directly or through the sympathetic nervous system it participates in the regulation of energy metabolism. Leptin inhibits synthesis of triacylglycerols in the liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscles, thus red...

purpose: to assess the effect and long-term results of oral propranolol in pediatric capillary hemangiomas. methods: four children aged 3 months to 5 years with periocular and orbital hemangioma of infancy (hoi) were treated with propranolol, 2 milligram per kilogram per day divided in 2 doses. propranolol was continued in all cases until the end of the first year of life and tapered over 2-3 w...

Purpose: To investigate the effect of puerarin on symptoms depression in ovariectomized female rat model, and mechanism action involved.
 Methods: Ninety healthy Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to five groups: sham, low-dose puerarin, medium-dose high-dose groups, with 18 per group. Changes levels dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), apoptosis-related prot...

Leptin regulates appetite and body weight via hypothalamic targets, but it can act directly on cultured pancreatic islets to regulate their fat metabolism. To obtain in vivo evidence that leptin may act peripherally as well as centrally, we compared the effect of adenovirally induced hyperleptinemia on food intake, body weight, and islet fat content in ventromedial hypothalamic-lesioned (VMHL) ...

The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis is a major contributor in maintaining energy expenditure and body weight, and the adipocyte hormone leptin regulates this axis by increasing TRH levels in the fed state. Leptin stimulates TRH directly in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN; direct pathway) and indirectly by regulating proopiomelnocortin neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate ...

Leptin is a circulating hormone that is secreted primarily by adipose tissue. However, recent studies have demonstrated leptin production by other tissues, including placenta, stomach, kidney, liver, and lung, a process not only activated by stimuli such as insulin or corticosteroids, but also by hypoxia, which is mediated by the hypoxia inducible factor-1. In contrast to this fact, smokers hav...

One of the five possible mechanisms of leptin resistance in human obesity is the defect in the leptin receptor (Ob-R). Evidence has accumulated that leptin-binding activity in human serum is related to a soluble form of the leptin receptor, and restriction of energy intake resulted a decrease in circulating leptin levels. Aim of this study is to examine the difference of serum soluble leptin re...

Leptin regulates a constellation of neuroendocrine processes that control energy homeostasis. The infusion of leptin in rodents lacking endogenous leptin promotes physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and improves insulin signaling, whereas hyperleptinemia is associated with physical inactivity and insulin resistance (IR). We tested whether baseline leptin levels predict changes in PAEE a...

Proper nutritional status is critical for maintaining growth and metabolic function, playing an intimate role in neuroendocrine regulation. Leptin, the recently identified product of the obese gene, may very well be an integral signal which regulates neuroendocrine responses in times of food deprivation. The present study examines leptin's ability to regulate hormonal synthesis and secretion wi...