In Protégé, any newly created RDF/OWL knowledge base refers to local instances through a local URI, which is obtained through the concatenation of the ontology URI, the hash sign # and a local identifier. However, this practice makes data-level integration quite hard, and definitely prevents the straightforward application of RDF graph merging for independently developed knowledge bases, even i...

The Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA) represents the result of manual and disciplined modeling of the structural organization of the human body. It is a tremendous resource in bioinformatics that facilitates sharing of information among applications that use anatomy knowledge. The FMA was developed in Protégé and the Protégé frames language is the canonical representation language for the FMA...

Representing information evolving in time in ontologies is a difficult problem to deal with. Temporal relations are in fact ternary (i.e., properties of objects that change in time involve also a temporal value in addition to the object and the subject) and cannot be handled directly by OWL. The standard solution to this problem is to map all temporal relations to a set of binary ones with new ...

Representing information evolving in time in ontologies is a difficult problem to deal with. Temporal relations are in fact ternary (i.e., properties of objects that change in time involve also a temporal value in addition to the object and the subject) and cannot be handled directly by OWL. The standard solution to this problem is to introduce new (intermediate) classes into the ontology and m...

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XML Equivalent Transformation (XET) is a general-purpose XML-based rule language developed based on the XML Declarative Description (XDD) theory and the Equivalent Transformation (ET) computation theory. Of central importance to the XET approach, it uses XML expressions as its underlying data structure; consequently, one can seamlessly specify information to be extracted as well as implicit inf...