tehran city has been subject of critical environmental challenges during the course of 20th. century namely: massive population growth, broad expansion, reduction in urban open/green spaces, increasing in energy consumption and waste production. releasing industrial wastewater into river valleys have led to considerable changes in structure of city's natural landscape. the natural structur...

Abstract Context Multifunctional rural landscapes are social-ecological systems that represent a link between nature and culture. They characterized by the conservation protection of ecological processes, natural resources biocultural diversity. The these is mainly based on establishment Protected Natural Areas (PAs) whose regulatory schemes have often promoted their degradation. Objectives We ...

Among the greatest challenges facing the conservation of plants and animal species in protected areas are threats from a rapidly changing climate. An altered climate creates both challenges and opportunities for improving the management of protected areas in networks. Increasingly, quantitative tools like species distribution modeling are used to assess the performance of protected areas and pr...

Over half of the southern landscape is forested, but nearly all of the land has been modified considerably, especially during the centuries following European settlement (See history chapters). Such extensive changes in the southern landscape have contributed to the threatened status of many plant and animal species that are now protected under the Endangered Species Act. Additionally these cha...

Aim. The goal is to consider landscape aspects of nature management optimisation in the transboundary basin Ural River which have not been taken into account until present time through measures being developed improve ecological state and its main river. Materials Methods. long‐term data hydrological regime rivers are analysed. article summarizes experience optimizing water relations river resu...

With fewer than 200 tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) left in Nepal, that are generally confined to five protected areas across the Terai Arc Landscape, genetic studies are needed to provide crucial information on diversity and connectivity for devising an effective country-wide tiger conservation strategy. As part of the Nepal Tiger Genome Project, we studied landscape change, genetic variation,...

A growing number of protected areas are defined by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as protected landscapes and seascapes, or category V protected areas, one of six protected area categories based on management approach. Category V now makes up over half the protected area coverage in Europe, for instance. While the earliest category V areas were designated mainly for t...

Background: The road to respond to the needs of today's modern world, affected by the advancement of technological tools, seeks to increase speed and increasing safety. This study seeks to improve the landscape quality of roads, explains the effective criteria in road design and the need to pay attention to the category of design ethics and emphasizes them. Conclusion: In order to increase the...

Protected areas are extremely important for the long term viability of biodiversity in a densely populated country like India where land is a scarce resource. However, protected areas cover only 5% of the land area in India and in the case of large carnivores that range widely, human use landscapes will function as important habitats required for gene flow to occur between protected areas. In t...

Title of Dissertation: EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF TOP-DOWN PROTECTED AREA GOVERNANCE ON LOCAL LIVELIHOODS – THE CASE OF THE TURKISH VILLAGE OF KAPIKIRI Aysegul Yilmaz, Doctor of Philosophy, 2012 Dissertation directed by: Professor Marie Howland, Urban Studies and Planning This study evaluates the positive and negative impacts of strict protected area designation on the livelihoods and socioecono...