This study assessed the effects of nerve agent antidote (atropine/2-PAM chloride versus saline placebo) and heat-humidity (95 degrees F/60% RH versus 70 degrees F/30% RH) on repeated performance of militarily relevant psychological tasks while wearing the battle dress uniform (BDU) and while wearing chemical protective clothing (MOPP-IV). All BDU heat sessions (6 hours) were completed, but with...

The effect of disulfiram on the urotoxicity induced by ifosfamide was studied in mice. Ifosfamide administered intraperitoneally to mice caused a dose-related increase in bladder weight within 48 hr of treatment. Disulfiram prevented ifosfamide-induced bladder damage when administered orally within 1 hr of ifosfamide treatment. The results indicate that disulfiram is an effective protective age...

Here we demonstrated that SKI2162, a small-molecule inhibitor of the TGF-β type I receptor (ALK5), prevented radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) in mice. SKI2162 inhibited phosphorylation of Smad and induction of RIF-related genes in vitro. In RIF a mouse model, SKI2162 reduced late skin reactions and leg-contracture without jeopardizing the acute skin reaction. Irradiation of mouse tissue increas...

To study the pharmacokinetics of single increasing intravenous doses (40-160 mg) and repeated doses (80 mg for 7 days) of lecithinized superoxide dismutase (PC-SOD) in Japanese volunteers and to compare the pharmacokinetics of PC-SOD between Caucasians and Japanese. The Japanese study consisted of 2 parts: a single-dose, open-label, dose-escalation part and a multiple-dose, single-blind, placeb...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe outdoor workers' sun-protective practices, workplace sun-safety culture and sun-protective equipment provision; investigate the association of demographic, personal and occupational factors with sun-protective practices; and identify potential strategies for improving workers' sun protection. METHODS The present study used a clustered survey de...

There is a tremendous need for a comprehensive review of the many facets of the epidemiology of prostate cancer. For well over three decades, we have struggled to identify etiologic factors that might explain the almost 10-fold differences in the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer between various geographic and ethnic populations. These rate differences can change dramatically during po...

The sun protection factor (SPF) of sunscreens is determined by a testing protocol that specifies a sunscreen application rate of 2 mg/cm(2) on the skin. Most people, for cosmetic and economic reasons, only apply enough sunscreen to achieve an SPF of about a third or even a quarter of the level stated on the product. To increase public awareness of the problem, manufacturers could be required to...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To develop and test a worksite intervention that protects healthcare workers who handle antineoplastic drugs from work-related exposures. 
. DESIGN Intervention study. 
. SETTING A university hospital in a large midwestern metropolitan area and its outpatient chemotherapy infusion clinic.
. SAMPLE 163 staff (nurses, pharmacists, and pharmacy technicians) who work with a...

A general procedure for the nucleophilic addition of organozinc halides with nitrones in the presence of trimethylsilyl chloride has been developed. Trimethylsilyl chloride was found to be both an indispensable reaction promoter and a ready hydroxylamine protective agent in these reactions. The produced O-(trimethylsilyl)hydroxylamines can be easily reduced into corresponding amines just by a z...

OBJECTIVES This paper describes the sun-related behaviour of parents and their children, ages 5-12 years. METHODS In-person interviews were conducted with parents and observations of parents and their children to ascertain: 1) parents' self-reported use of sunscreen, 2) parent-proxy reports of children's sunscreen use, and 3) observations of parents' and children's use of shade, hats and prot...