the main objective of present paper was to study the validity of agricultural extension indices for ranking iranian provinces in terms of extension and education activities. the study was carried out in two phases. in phase one through review of literature, 137 extension-education indices were identified. the indices were classified in seven fields as following: 1) indices of extension workers,...

Leptospirosis disproportionately affects residents of urban slums. To understand the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding leptospirosis, we conducted a cross-sectional study among residents of an urban slum community in Salvador, Brazil. Of the 257 residents who were interviewed, 225 (90%) were aware of leptospirosis and more than two-thirds of respondents correctly identified the mode...

The lack of scientific and technical knowledge in certain complex fields, together with schedule constraints, have lead to adopt in EN standards insufficiently validated tests, relying sometimes on an empirical approach. Thus, even personal protective equipment (PPE) with positive results in tests required by the standards can nevertheless prove to be unsatisfactory when used at work. Several r...

Protection against harmful chemical materials is compulsory in many aspects of everyday life. Proper and adequate protective clothing is desirable during household chores and in industrial, agricultural, and medical work, during military operations; and in response to incidents of terrorism. Different types of materials and garment designs are used in these clothing items, and protection levels...

Although it is a widely used indicator, the use of substantiation in child welfare practice and research is not without critics. Much of this criticism concerns the ability of the substantiation disposition to distinguish between child protective services (CPS) investigations in which maltreatment occurs or does not occur. This study examined the relationship between substantiation and maltreat...

This study examined the training needs of agricultural extension agents in Delta State, Nigeria. A sample of 102 respondents was drawn from extension agents in the States’ Agricultural Development Programme (ADP), Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (MANR) and the FADAMA Programme. Data were collected in February 2017 by using a structured and validated questionnaire. Data generated w...

relationship between public and private sector is becoming an increasingly important issue in management of agricultural extension services. the need for a strong linkage could be identified as the gap between desirable and current situation. in this research, the differences among current and desirable situation in six diverse dimensions was calculated. the current and desirable situation was ...

the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of extension services in enhancing effectiveness of out growers’ credit system in kisumu county, kenya. the study specifically sought to determine whether public and private extension services play a significant role in enhancing effectiveness of out-growers’ credit system among smallholder sugarcane farmers. a total of 110 small scale farme...

abstractthe purpose of this study was to assess organizational and personnel structure in iranian agriculture extension system (iaes). the research instrument was a structural questionnaire including close-ended questions which its validity and reliability was confirmed by using expert panel and cranach’s alpha test, respectively. the statistical population of this research included all public ...

We model alternating-announcements cheap talk, while discussing the efficiency consequences of explicitly allowing the ‘no-agreement’ outcome of the game with communication to vary with players’ cheap talk announcements. Our results give further consistency to the argument that a cheap talk extension does not necessarily imply efficiency in the play of the original game. Moreover, we characteri...