Abstract Proton-boron fusion is experiencing a renewed interest as possible energy source. The reaction aneutronic and does not involve radioactive species. It has recently been induced by means of high-power lasers. Ignition H- 11 B fuel, however, remains challenging because the low reactivity high radiative losses plasma at temperatures attainable in present-day devices. Ideal ignition demons...

The application of boron neutron capture therapy to rheumatoid arthritis requires the selective delivery of the boron-10 isotope to the synovitic tissue. The use of liposomes as a boron delivery method has been explored through the measurement of the time course biodistribution of boron in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Small unilamellar vesicles were composed of a 1:1 mixture of d...

Introduction: Proton therapy is newer therapeutic method for early stage breast cancer. Proton beams release most of their energy in the Bragg peak and then will be a rapid decline in their end. When protons interact with matter, produce secondary particles like neutrons and gammas, and these unwanted radiation has no beneficial effect and also is believed to increase the risk ...

Borosilicate zeolites have recently been studied in many aspects because they are useful in substitution of framework metal ions (to Al or Ga) and in catalyzing chemical reactions that use relatively weak acid strength. Boron shows a great extent of flexibility in coordination conversion between trigonal boron, B[3], and tetrahedral boron, B[4]. Such conversion takes place in the framework of b...

Aneutronic fusion reactions such as proton–boron could efficiently produce clean energy with quite low neutron doses. However, a consequence, conventional spectral methods for diagnosing plasma ion temperature would no longer work. Therefore, finding way to probe the in aneutronic plasmas is crucial task. Here, we present method realize ultrafast situ probing of 11 B by Doppler broadening nucle...

BACKGROUND We measured and assessed ways to reduce the secondary neutron dose from a system for proton eye treatment. METHODS Proton beams of 60.30 MeV were delivered through an eye-treatment snout in passive scattering mode. Allyl diglycol carbonate (CR-39) etch detectors were used to measure the neutron dose in the external field at 0.00, 1.64, and 6.00 cm depths in a water phantom. Seconda...

Neutron capture therapy with a new boron-porphyrin compound was tested in a rat brain tumor model. Although the concentration of boron in the tumor was too low to elicit a therapeutic effect, prominent histopathologic changes, such as necrosis, congestion and bleeding were observed in the tumors of the rats which were administered the boron neutron capture therapy.

Byzantine fault tolerant systems behave correctly when no more than f out of 3f + 1 replicas fail. When there are more than f failures, traditional BFT protocols make no guarantees whatsoever. Malicious replicas can make clients accept arbitrary results, and the system behavior is totally unspecified. However, there is a large spectrum between complete correctness and arbitrary failure that tra...