Low energy proton-proton scattering is studied in pionless effective field theory. Employing the dimensional regularization and MS and power divergence subtraction schemes for loop calculation, we calculate the scattering amplitude in S0 channel up to nextto-next-to leading order and fix low-energy constants that appear in the amplitude by effective range parameters. We study regularization sch...

9.1 Background to Proton Therapy The use of proton beams for radiation treatment was proposed by Robert R. Wilson in 1946 [286]. Wilson referred to the ballistical aspects of the proton beam dose distribution as a rationale for the new modality. Heavy charged particles such as protons produce an energy deposition profile in tissue which is superior to profiles attainable using photon or electro...

The use of high-energy proton beams enables to delivering high doses to target volumes, while sparing organs at risk compared to X-ray radiotherapy. However, the protons advantages cannot be fully exploited because the range (i.e the stopping powers) of protons in matter is not accurately known. Indeed, the proton stopping powers are obtained by an empirical conversion of X-CT Hounsfield Units ...

The diffraction slope parameter is investigated for elastic proton-proton and protonantiproton scattering based on the all available experimental data at intermediate square of momentum transfer in the main. Energy dependence of the elastic diffraction slope is approximated by various analytic functions in a model-independent fashion. The expanded standard logarithmic approximations allow to de...

Microscopic characteristics of an aqueous excess proton in a wide range of thermodynamic states, from low density amorphous ices (down to 100 K) to high temperature liquids under the critical point (up to 600 K), placed inside hydrophobic graphene slabs at the nanometric scale (with interplate distances between 3.1 and 0.7 nm wide) have been analyzed by means of molecular dynamics simulations. ...

Proton radiotherapy has demonstrated benefits in the treatment of certain cancers. Accurate measurements of the proton stopping powers in body tissues are required in order to fully optimise the delivery of such treaments. The PRaVDA Consortium is developing a novel, fully solid state device to measure these stopping powers. The PRaVDA Range Telescope (RT), uses a stack of 24 CMOS Active Pixel ...

simulation of gamma and hadron showers in the energy range 100gev- 25tev has been carried out. for a big ideal cherenkov light array, characteristics of lateral distribution of cherenkov photon density have been studied. results from this ideal detector are compared with those simulated for a real tunka- like array to investigate experimental potential of using existence of a hump in lateral di...

Proton therapy is an advantageous treatment modality compared to conventional radiotherapy. In contrast to photons, charged particles have a finite range and can thus spare organs at risk. Additionally, the increased ionization density in the so-called Bragg peak close to the particle range can be utilized for maximum dose deposition in the tumour volume. Unfortunately, the accuracy of the ther...