The purpose of this study was to survey parent knowledge of child injury reactions (including post-traumatic stress symptoms) and to evaluate parent satisfaction and learning outcomes following a video- or web-based intervention. Fifty parents of children ages 6-17 years who were injured within the past 2 months were recruited from emergency and inpatient settings. A repeated-measures experimen...

Confinement in metabolism pens may provoke a stress response in alpacas that will reduce the welfare of the animal and jeopardize the validity of scientific results obtained in such pens. In this study, we tested a protocol designed to successfully train alpacas to be held in a specially designed metabolism pen so that the animals' confinement would not jeopardize their welfare. We hypothesized...

Several forms of psychological stress result in a rise in body temperature in rats. In this study, we report that rats housed at a low ambient temperature (11.1 degrees C) develop stress-induced rises in body temperature that do not differ from the responses seen when the animals are kept at a temperature within their thermoneutral zone (24.7 degrees C). These data support the hypothesis that s...

In the last fifteen years, the traditional proof interpretations of modified realizability and functional (dialectica) interpretation in finite-type arithmetic have been adapted by taking into account majorizability considerations. One of such adaptations, the monotone functional interpretation of Ulrich Kohlenbach, has been at the center of a vigorous program in applied proof theory dubbed pro...

climate is changing and various scenarios indicate accelerated climate change in the future. if farmers and rural residents’ capacities do not enhance to adapt to the impacts of climate change, the impacts will overwhelm on agriculture and rural communities. extension systems can play an important role in agricultural adaptation to climate change. therefore, the aim of this research was to expl...

Stress, whether daily stress, work stress or traumatic stress, is unhealthy. This lecture covers three recent theoretical approaches in explaining the mechanisms underlying the influence of psychological stress on somatic health. It is argued that stress research should focus less on stressors themselves and put more emphasis on prolonged stress responses. Three mechanisms are identified that c...

In previous editions, this chapter was titled “Adaptation.” The literature uses the terms “adaptation” and “adjustment” interchangeably. Although either term could be used, this author prefers the term “adjustment,” as the term better describes a process as well as a final outcome. Adjustment refers to the changes in life that are made continuously when one has a chronic illness. Adjustment is ...