OBJECTIVE To compare causal illness beliefs between patients with unexplained physical symptoms and different comorbid disorders and to assess the association of causal illness beliefs with illness behavior. METHODS We examined a sample of 233 patients attending treatment in primary care. Inclusion criteria were "unexplained physical symptoms." All patients were investigated using structured ...

The serotonin system is a collection of neural pathways whose overall level of functioning (from low to high) relates to diverse kinds of psychological and behavioral variability. Individual differences in serotonergic function are important both in personality and in vulnerability to psychological disorders. These disorders range widely-from impulsive aggression to depression. One way to under...

The serotonin system is a collection of neural pathways whose overall level of functioning (from low to high) relates to diverse kinds of psychological and behavioral variability. Individual differences in serotonergic function are important both in personality and in vulnerability to psychological disorders. These disorders range widely—from impulsive aggression to depression. One way to under...

This study examined the stress coping strategies of athletes with high psychological vulnerability. The participants were 487 university (mean age = 19.8 years, SD 0.88, 153 women). Data collected using Vulnerability Scale for University Athletes and General Coping Questionnaire analyzed by conducting a multivariate analysis variance. results showed significant relationships between vulnerabili...

Psychological stress contributes to the onset and exacerbation of nearly all neuropsychiatric disorders. Individual differences in stress-regulatory circuits can therefore dramatically affect vulnerability to these illnesses. Here we identify neural circuit mechanisms underlying individual differences in vulnerability to stress using a murine model of chronic social defeat stress. In chronicall...

This article reviews evidence that trait impulsivity-expressed early in life as the hyperactive-impulsive and combined presentations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-is a bottom-up, subcortically mediated vulnerability to all externalizing disorders. This vulnerability arises from deficient mesolimbic dopamine responding, which imbues psychological states (irritability, discon...