BACKGROUND The dynamic muscles of the glabellar region can be overactive, giving patients a "scowling" look and making them appear angry, worried, or stressed. OBJECTIVE The authors describe percutaneous selective nerve ablation, a minimally-invasive procedure for treatment of glabellar frown lines, and report results from a series of patients treated with the technique. METHODS From Novemb...

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The pygidial glands of carabids produce strong-smelling vapours. In this study, we examined the chemical composition gland secretions and structure in five species Carabini ground beetles (one from subtribe Calosomatina four Carabina): Calosoma ( ) maderae (Fabricius, 1775), Carabus granulatus Linnaeus, 1758, C. Limnocarabus clathratus 1760, ulrichii Germar, 1823, Procerus gigas Creutzer, 1799....

Objective: Blepharospasm (BSP) is a disease in which the closure rate of bilateral eyelids increases, mainly due to involuntary contraction orbicularis oculi, procerus, and corrugator muscles. The objective this study was report postoperative outcomes after deep brain stimulation (DBS) 10 cases pure BSP at least 12 months follow-up.Methods: Ten patients with who underwent globus pallidus intern...