We show, by simple classical arguments, that the explicit time dependence of the ponderomotive potential causes both a shift and a broadening of the photoelectron lines in high-intensity multiphoton experiments. If the laser pulse is short enough, some of the energy from the absorbed photons will be lost by an electron when it separates from the pulse. Since different atoms are ionized at diffe...

UV laser micromachining of metallic materials has been used in microelectronic and other industries. Knowledge and data about the process vary with feature size, material, laser wavelength and pulse duration. This paper reports on experimental and numerical investigation of micromachining of copper using a frequency tripled Nd:YAG laser with 50 ns pulse duration. An axisymmetric model is develo...

A diode-side-pumped, high-energy, high-beam-quality, pulsed solid-state Nd3+:Y3Al5O12 (Nd:YAG) laser with a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is investigated in this study. The pump laser was a pulsed laser diode array with maximum peak power of 15 kW. A 350 mJ laser pulse was obtained with a wavelength of 1064 nm, a pulse duration of 10 ns, a total electrical-to-optical efficiency of 7.5%, a relativ...

The theory of active-passive mode-locked solid-state lasers is developed where the passive mode-locking is achieved by a nonlinear mirror. Steady-state cw numerical solutions are analyzed in detail for the case of a Nd:YAG laser. The steady-state pulse duration can be reduced by an order of magnitude as compared to the pure active modelocking regime.

When a molecule is exposed to an intense laser pulse, electrons that are removed earlier in the laser field may be driven back by the oscillating electric field of the laser to recollide with the target ion. The scattering of the returning electrons offers the opportunities to study the structure of the molecule. Since lasers of pulse duration of a few femtoseconds are already available, thus i...

A study, with particle-in-cell simulations, of relativistic nonlinear optics in the regime of tight focus and ultrashort pulse duration sthe l3 regimed reveals that synchronized attosecond electromagnetic pulses fN. M. Naumova, J. A. Nees, I. V. Sokolov, B. Hou, and G. A. Mourou, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 063902 s2004dg and attosecond electron bunches fN. Naumova, I. Sokolov, J. Nees, A. Maksimchuk,...

It is shown that by measuring the angular distributions of fragmented ions of simple molecules by sub-10 fs laser pulses at intensities in the non-sequential double ionization regime the electron density of the highest occupied molecular orbital can be probed directly. It is also shown that using a single laser pulse, from the kinetic energy release of the fragmented ions following the double i...

The ultrafast radiation damage begins with photoionization, followed by impact ionization by photoand Auger electrons. The ionization of atoms develops with time, ultimately causing lattice disorder and Coulomb explosion of the crystal. Due to very short pulse duration, it has been proposed that diffraction can be recorded before significant structural changes occur. This has been termed “diffr...

We studied the ionization probability of Na atoms in an intense Ti–sapphire laser at 800 nm versus the laser pulse duration. The ionization probabilities for the Na(3s) and Na(3p) states were found to vary non-monotonically with the pulse duration at a constant peak laser intensity. The abnormal (non-monotonic) pulse duration dependence was traced to the competition between resonant and non-res...