signals via a pathway involving c-Fos, which indicates the inhibition of excitatory C fibers and long-term depression. It has also been suggested to alter gene expression in neurons by means of neuromodulation. Another popular theory is the stimulation of the serotonergic and noradrenergic system and induction of descending pathways. In our clinical practice, we introduce the RF cannula between...

Dear Editor, Glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) is an uncommon cause of facial pain with a crude incidence rate estimated to be 0.7 per 100,000 yearly.1 GPN incidence is only 0.2% to 1.3% that of the more known facial pain entity trigeminal neuralgia.2 The character and distribution of pain is often diagnostic; shooting from the pharynx, tonsil, and posterior base of tongue upwards to the Eustach...

We report the successful use of water-cooled radiofrequency where more traditional forms of neuroablation-conventional and pulsed radiofrequency-had failed to achieve adequate pain relief. We also discuss the mechanism of neural damage with water cooled radiofrequency and discuss why this technique may have a broader role in the management of a wide array of pain syndromes.

INTRODUCTION The goals for the management of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee are to control pain and to minimise disability. Because the number of patients will increase as the population ages, alternative approaches to alleviate their joint pain other than conventional treatments are necessary. The purpose of this article is to present a refined protocol to determine if there is ...

Tinnitus represents one of the most common and distressing otologic problems, and it causes various somatic and psychological disorders that interfere with the quality of life. Treatments for tinnitus include pharmacotherapy, cognitive and behavioral therapy, sound therapy, music therapy, tinnitus retraining therapy, massage and stretching, and electrical suppression. In this case report we pre...

BACKGROUND Whiplash patients regard cervicogenic headache (CEH) as the most burdensome symptom of their condition. Sufferers experience a significant degree of disability from headache, associated neck pain and disability, and sleep disturbance. Lateral C1/2 joint pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment has been shown to produce significant relief from headache in patients with CEH. OBJECTIVES ...