The recognition of barometric pressure was a critical step in the development of environmental physiology. In 1644, Evangelista Torricelli described the first mercury barometer in a remarkable letter that contained the phrase, "We live submerged at the bottom of an ocean of the element air, which by unquestioned experiments is known to have weight." This extraordinary insight seems to have come...

In order to implement an integrated optical quantum circuit, designing waveguides based on the quantum box is of prime importance. To do this we have investigated optical waveguide both with and without optical pumping. The rate of absorption and emission using an array of AlGaAs/GaAs quantum box core/shell structure in the optical waveguide with various pumping intensities has computed. By con...

In this paper, the nonlinear rate equations governing a quantum dot laser isused to simulate the transient as well as the steady-state behaviors of the laser.Computation results show that the rate equations are capable of simulating true behaviorof a quantum dot laser. Then, the pump rates of the rate equations (which show indirectelectrical pumping of the quantum dots through a wetting layer) ...

in this research using the theory of induction motor (um), a um with liquid as secondary part is planned and manufactured. the main objective for planning of this motor is to investigate the possibility of chemical liquids pumping such as liquid poison and acids. results of many laboratory tests are shown to conclude that pumping force in the manufactured pump is dependent on many factors su...

Grains exiting an underwater silo exhibit an unexpected surge in discharge rate as they empty. This contrasts with the constant flow rate of dry granular hoppers and the decreasing flow rate of pure liquids. Here we find that this surge depends on hopper diameter and happens also in air. The surge can be turned off by fixing the rate of fluid flow through the granular packing. With no flow cont...

A study is presented on the influence of air flow rate and surface geometry on the thermal-hydraulic performance of commercial tube-fin ‘no-frost’ evaporators. A specially constructed wind-tunnel calorimeter was used in the experiments from which data on the overall thermal conductance, pressure drop, Colburn j-factor and Darcy friction factor, f, were extracted. Eight different evaporator samp...

The Department of Energy is studying alternative heat pumping technologies to identify possible cost effective alternatives to electric driven vapor compression heat pumps, air conditioners, and chillers that could help reduce C02 emissions. Over thirty different technologies are being considered including: engine driven systems, fuel cell powered systems, and alternative cycles. Results presen...

Pumping station Pumping station 1 Filtered and chlorinated 1 0.5 27 + – From plant B to pumping station, 17.5 km Pumping station 2 Filtered and chlorinated 1 >2.5 26 – – From pumping station site 1 to pumping station site 2, 3.5 km Catchment areas: consumer households Household 1, underground storage tank Filtered and chlorinated 1 0.5 29 + – From pumping station site 2 to household 1, 2.03 km ...