background: due to the importance and prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its effects on the lives of half of the world population, i.e. women, the study on treatment seems to be necessary. in this study the effects of pure and impure honey on nausea, vomiting and headache of dysmenorrheal were evaluated. methods: the current study was a clinical trial, which was carried out on 60 students with prim...

An estimated 4–8% of all women, and 16–25% women with migraine, have menstrual migraine (MM), which causes considerable disability, but is underdiagnosed undertreated. We investigated the burden disease, health-care seeking behavior, treatment practices among MM, using social media. In 12 days, 6246 answered an online survey, allowing for diagnosis MM by International Classification Headache Di...

Functional imaging using positron emission tomography and later functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed a particular brainstem area that is believed to be specifically activated in migraine during, but not outside of the attack, and consequently has been coined the 'migraine generator'. However, the pathophysiological concept behind this term is not undisputed and typical migraine premon...

Migraine is a complex trait in which multiple genetic loci, as well as environmental factors, likely contribute to its clinical manifestation. Many genetic associations reported in previous studies either have not been replicated to date or showed only marginal statistical significance, possibly due to the genetic heterogeneity of the common forms of migraine. One major phenotypic and possibly ...

Advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of migraine have resulted in important breakthroughs in treatment. For example, understanding of the role of serotonin in the cerebrovascular circulation has led to the development of triptans for the acute relief of migraine headaches, and the identification of cortical spreading depression as an early central event associated wih migraine h...