BACKGROUND The purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test is the only widely used method which detects latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and is dependent on a normal T cell function. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) the T cell function is altered, which may result in an inability to develop an adequate PPD reaction. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the response to PPD in patients with RA and to compare...

The aim of this study was to assess the degree of implementation of national guidelines for isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals and factors affecting the impact of the programme. Twenty-eight infectious disease hospital units in Italy participated in this observational, multicentre, prospective cohort study. A number of HIV-infected s...

BACKGROUND Currently, reliable efficacy markers for assessment of new interventions against tuberculosis (TB) are limited to disease and death. More precise measurement of the human immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection may be important. A qualitative enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) result for early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10...

LANDI, S. (University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada), AND H. R. HELD. Physicochemical and biological studies on various preparations of tuberculin purified protein derivative. Appl. Microbiol. 13:132-139. 1965.-Tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) has been prepared by seven different precipitation methods from culture filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. hominis. It was fo...

A naturally occurring outbreak of Mycobacterium bovis infection in captive wild elk (wapiti) in Montana was confirmed by mycobacteriologic examination. Twenty-eight of 143 elk responded to M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin injected intradermally in the cervical region (SCT). The results of comparative cervical tuberculin skin tests conducted within 9 days of SCT revealed gre...

The production of a macrophage migration enhancement factor (MEF) has been achieved as a consequence of administering a desensitizing dose of purified protein derivative (PPD) to Mycobacterium bovis BCG-sensitized rabbits. The migration-enhancing effect was first demonstrated when alveolar macrophages (AM) harvested from desensitized rabbits exhibited marked migration stimulation; whereas maxim...

We have studied the physical interaction between macrophages and lymphocytes during the immune response to purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) in vitro. Mixtures of peritoneal macrophages and lymph node lymphocytes from guinea pigs immunized with tubercle bacilli formed cell clusters during 20 h of culture with PPD. The number of clusters produced was correlated to the number of imm...

Peripheral blood monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis are "activated" by a number of criteria, including selective depression of T-lymphocyte responses to the mycobacterial antigen, tuberculin-purified protein derivative (PPD). We studied monocytes from patients with tuberculosis and healthy skin test reactive controls for expression and function of IL 2 receptors (IL 2R). Depletion...

Three susceptible mouse strains, i.e., BALB/c (H-2d), C57BL/6 (H-2b), and major histocompatibility complex-congenic BALB.B10 (H-2b), were infected intravenously with 4 x 10(6) CFU of live Mycobacterium bovis BCG and analyzed 4 weeks later for in vitro spleen cell cytokine secretion in response to purified protein derivative (PPD), BCG culture filtrate (CF), BCG cellular extract, total BCG, the ...

CONTEXT One or both commercial tuberculin skin test reagents (Aplisol and Tubersol) may have a high rate of false-positive reactions. OBJECTIVE To compare the reaction size and specificity of skin testing with Aplisol, Tubersol, and the standard purified protein derivative (PPD-S1). DESIGN Double-blind trial, conducted between May 14, 1997, and October28, 1997, in which each individual rece...