We consider a class of problems, which we call “SFQ” problems, in which both stocks and ows can be controlled to promote the quality of a valued resource, such as environmental quality or public infrastructure. Under the optimal policy, periodic restoration of the stock of quality complements positive but variable abatement of the ow of damages. When deterioration is more rapid or highly vari...

A phenomenon that often occurs in Indonesia which is also an annual disaster hit several areas drought. Drought a condition area, land, or community experiences shortage of water so it cannot meet their needs. can be caused because area does not experience rain dry for long period time the rainfall below normal, content soil reduced even non-existent. The to analyzed are Hidirasa watershed, Ron...

PT. Candi Loka Jamus switched to using micro hydro power plants meet its electrical energy needs because of the high operational costs and environmental impact fuel oil plants. However, during dry season, plant is unable produce enough needs, which could lead damage components decreased performance. To address this issue, potential was calculated time simulation season simulation. The rain data...

A meaningful economic literature examines businesses’ environmental management efforts expended during the economic-political transition in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Over a similar time frame as this transition, many firms in developed countries were integrating environmental components into their business strategies and finding this integration profitable. A growi...

The use of student subjects and the role of deception in economic experiments are two controversial issues that have been widely discussed in the agricultural and resource economics (ARE) community recently. We provide a self-contained methodological discussion of these issues from the perspective of the larger experimental economics community. Our main points are that field professionals are m...

What is the rationale for benefit-cost analysis (BCA)? The answer is critical for determining how BCA results should be interpreted, their implications for policy, and how BCA should be conducted. There are at least two possible bases for justifying BCA, positive and normative. The positive basis is that BCA identifies policy changes that satisfy the Kaldor-Hicks compensation test, so that thos...

Standard economic theory predicts that if property rights to pollute are clearly established, equilibrium outcomes in an effi cient emissions permit market will be independent of how the emissions permits are initially distributed. This so-called independence property has important implications for policy design and implementation. Past studies document a strong positive correlation between the...

The dynamical model developed by us @Phys. Rev. C 54, 2660 ~1996!# has been applied to investigate the pion electroproduction reactions on the nucleon. It is found that the model can describe to a very large extent the recent data of p(e ,e8p) reaction from Jefferson Laboratory and MIT-Bates. The extracted magnetic dipole (M1), electric dipole (E2), and Coulomb (C2) strengths of the gN→D transi...

Environmental pollution by phosphorus from animal waste is a major problem in agriculture because simple-stomached animals, such as swine, poultry, and fish, cannot digest phosphorus (as phytate) present in plant feeds. To alleviate this problem, a phytase from Aspergillus niger PhyA is widely used as a feed additive to hydrolyze phytate-phosphorus. However, it has the lowest relative activity ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate four mathematical models with regards to their fit to lactation curves of Holstein cows from herds raised in the southwestern region of the state of Parana, Brazil. Initially, 42,281 milk production records from 2005 to 2011 were obtained from "Associação Paranaense de Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Holandesa (APCBRH)". Data lacking dates of drying and ...