An efficient measurement methodology is proposed to construct the scattering parameters of a multi-port device using a four-port vector network analyzer (VNA) without the external un-terminated ports. By using the four-port VNA, the reflected waves from the un-terminated ports could be minimized. The proposed method significantly enhances the accuracy of the S-parameters with less number of mea...

This paper concerns the reconstruction of the absorption and scattering parameters in a time-dependent linear transport equation from full knowledge of the albedo operator at the boundary of a bounded domain of interest. We present optimal stability results on the reconstruction of the absorption and scattering parameters for a given error in the measured albedo operator.

background: desalination plants have an important role in providing community drinking water. the increasing trend of water consumption and decrease of natural resources of fresh water make this role even more important. the aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of inlet and outlet water of desalination plants by reverse osmosis (ro) process in qeshm, iran and also to compare the qualit...

Hybrid systems are specified in a heterogeneous form, with discrete and continuous parts. Simulating such systems requires precise data and computational power in order to synchronize continuous changes and discrete transitions. However, in the early design stages, the lack of precision about some parameters forbids such simulations. Qualitative simulation consists in computing only some qualit...

This article asks what applied linguistics can learn from related disciplines with regard to the collection, analysis and representation of qualitative interviews. It assesses the contributions of qualitative sociology, anthropology, discursive psychology and outlines four ‘discourse dilemmas’ which might provide the basis for a more critical and reflective dimension to the use of qualitative i...

This paper proposes a qualitative representation for kinematic robots. First, qualitative geometric primitives are introduced by combining a qualitative orientation component and qualitative translation component using normalisation. A position in Cartesian space can be mathematically described by the scalable primitives. Secondly, the qualitative positions of the components of a robot are deri...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the inter- and intra-observer reliability of both qualitative and quantitative parameters used in the assessment of nail-fold capillaroscopy images. METHODS Fifty mosaic nail-fold images of healthy controls (n = 10), patients with primary RP (n = 10) and SSc (n = 30) were assessed in random order by two blinded observers on two occasions at centres in Sweden, UK and T...