Two biodegradable quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized and used as cationic collectors in processing iron ores by froth flotation. The flotation behaviors of iron minerals with the new biodegradable quaternary ammonium collectors were investigated by micro-flotation tests of quartz (SiO2) and magnetite (Fe3O4). It was observed that the new biodegradable collectors were effective in separa...

Multi-valued logic gates, which can handle quaternary numbers as inputs, are developed by exploiting the ballistic transport properties of quantum point contacts in series. The principle of a logic gate that finds the minimum of two quaternary number inputs is demonstrated. The device is scalable to allow multiple inputs, which makes it possible to find the minimum of multiple inputs in a singl...

Four-level (quaternary) signalling in optical communication systems is investigated and the optimisation of quaternary signal level spacing is carried out considering signalamplified spontaneous emission beat noise dominance. The optimised quaternary signal is propagated through an optical dispersive fibre and sensitivity improvements can be found for shorter transmission distances and non-zero...

Small Heat Shock Proteins (sHSPs) are a diverse family of molecular chaperones that prevent protein aggregation by binding clients destabilized during cellular stress. Here we probe the architecture and dynamics of complexes formed between an oligomeric sHSP and client by employing unique mass spectrometry strategies. We observe over 300 different stoichiometries of interaction, demonstrating t...

The wide band-gap group-III nitride semiconductors AlN, GaN, InN, and their ternary AlGaN, InAlN, InGaN alloys have been extensively investigated due to their importance for the electronic and optoelectronic device technology. Recent examples are the optoelectronic commercial devices operating in the green-blue and ultraviolet (UV) spectral regions. By allowing among the group-III nitrides one ...

This paper evaluate the multilevel modulation for different techniques such as amplitude shift keying (M-ASK), MASK, differential phase shift keying (M-ASK-Bipolar), Quaternary Amplitude Shift Keying (QASK) and Quaternary Polarization-ASK (QPol-ASK) at a total bit rate of 107Gbps. The aim is to find a costeffective very high speed transport solution. Numerical investigation was performed using ...

The entanglement-assisted (EA) formalism is a generalization of the standard stabilizer formalism, and it can transform classical linear quaternary codes into entanglement-assisted quantum error correcting codes (EAQECCs) by using of shared entangled qubits between the sender and the receiver. In this work, we give elementary recursive constructions of special quaternary codes of length n and d...