Facial expression recognition is an important technology in human-computer interaction. This study investigates a method for facial expression recognition using quaternion neural networks. A multi-layer quaternion neural network that conducts its learning using a quaternion back-propagation algorithm is employed to design the facial expression recognition system. The input feature vector of the...

The well known conjugate gradient algorithm (cg-algorithm), introduced by Hestenes & Stiefel, [1952] intended for real, symmetric, positive definite matrices works as well for complex matrices and has the same typical convergence behavior. It will also work, not generally, but in many cases for hermitean, but not necessarily positive definite matrices. We shall show, that the same behavior is s...

This paper introduces two heuristic algorithms and illustrates the similarities and differences between the two algorithms; in the end, through the empirical analysis to find their respective advantages. This paper mainly focuses on the firefly algorithm, which is a new type of algorithm, inspired by the fluorescence information exchange between the fireflies in the nature. By comparative analy...

The performances of three attitude determination algorithms are compared in this paper. The three methods are the Complementary Filter, a Quaternion-based Kalman Filter and a Quaternion-based Gradient Descent Algorithm. An analysis of their performance based on an experimental investigation was undertaken. This paper shows that the Complementary Filter requires the least computational power; Qu...

Accurate and real-time tracking of the orientation or attitude of rigid bodies has traditional applications in robotics, aerospace, underwater vehicles, human body motion capture, etc. Towards human body motion capture, especially wearable devices, the use of a longer time has always been a challenge for several weeks or several months continuously, so a low-cost chip and a low computational co...

Optimum control of upstream pumping station in open channels with given constraint in downstream end is presented in this paper. The upstream control is capable of minimizing water level fluctuations in the channel in which the downstream pumping station causes an undesirable wave. The proposed method combines an unsteady non-uniform flow solver with shock-capturing capability, Fourier series a...

in the present paper‎, ‎we propose an iterative algorithm for‎ ‎solving the generalized $(p,q)$-reflexive solution of the quaternion matrix‎ ‎equation $overset{u}{underset{l=1}{sum}}a_{l}xb_{l}+overset{v} ‎{underset{s=1}{sum}}c_{s}widetilde{x}d_{s}=f$‎. ‎by this iterative algorithm‎, ‎the solvability of the problem can be determined automatically‎. ‎when the‎ ‎matrix equation is consistent over...

Nature inspired algorithms for their powerfulness, acquire a unique place among the algorithms for optimization. This paper intends to provide a comparison of firefly algorithm (FA) with 3 other nature inspired algorithms; genetic algorithms (GA), particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) and ant colony systems (ACS). Traveling salesman problem (TSP) has been used as the problem to be solved ...