A tissue culture (TC)-fluorescent antibody (FA) technique for the measurement of rabies-neutralizing antibody was found to be reliable and comparable to the standard mouse serum neutralization test. This test was performed with BHK-21 cells infected with the ERA vaccine virus strain on Lab-Tek TC chamber slides. A Flury high egg passage (HEP) rabies virus strain grown on continuous line of Afri...

In Grenada, West Indies, rabies is endemic, and is thought to be maintained in a wildlife host, the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) with occasional spillover into other hosts. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to improve understanding of rabies epidemiology in Grenada and to inform rabies control policy. Mongooses were trapped island-wide between April 2011 and March 2...

In this study, the immunogenicity of a rabies vaccine that was used in one of the Isfahan cattle farms is reported. This vaccine was produced by replication of the Pasteur virus (PV) strain on BHK-21 monolayer cell culture. The virus suspension was inactivated by ß-propiolactone treatment and the harvested pool showed sterility and safety. Thus, the obtained vaccine was tested on mice and a sat...

BACKGROUND Rabies is a major public health problem with a fatality rate close to 100%; however, complete prevention can be achieved through pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis. The rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) is one of the recommended testing methods to determine the production of neutralizing antibodies after vaccination. Here, we report the development of a new monoclonal an...

It is well known that not all animals manifesting clinical signs of street rabies virus (SRV) 1 infection die. These observations have been made in natural (1-4) and experimental infections (5-12). In one study, it was shown that 16% of outbred Swiss Webster mice inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with SRV survived after developing signs of illness and that recovery was associated with high le...

Dogs were vaccinated intradermally with vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (G protein) or nucleoprotein (N protein) or a combination of both proteins. The dogs vaccinated with either the G or G plus N proteins developed virus-neutralizing antibody titers, whereas those vaccinated with only the N protein did not. All dogs were then challenged with a lethal dose ...

PURPOSE The development of a genetically modified live rabies vaccine applicable to wild raccoon dogs is necessary for the eradication of rabies in Korea. Thus, we constructed a recombinant rabies virus (RABV) called the ERAGS strain, using a reverse genetic system and evaluated its safety and efficacy in mice and its safety and immunogenicity in raccoon dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS ERAGS, whi...

The determination of the rabies neutralizing antibody (VNA) response after immunization against rabies is an acceptable index of the efficacy of a vaccine and a successful treatment. Several tests have been developed in attempt to improve the assessment of VNA, from mice inoculation to cell-culture fluorescence inhibition tests. All of them, however, present special difficulties in terms of rea...

Recently we reported evidence that nucleocapsid (NC) of rabies virus is a Vbeta8-specific exogenous superantigen (SAg) in humans and a Vbeta6-specific SAg in BALB/c mice. NC was also found to stimulate rabies vaccination by enhancing the rabies neutralizing antibody response. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the stimulating effect of NC and its SAg properties are linked. To do this,...

PURPOSE Delayed onset of, and low magnitude of, protective immune responses are major drawbacks limiting the practical utility of plasmid vaccination against rabies. In this study we evaluated whether nanoformulation with the novel poly(ether imine) (PETIM) dendrimer can enhance the immunogenicity and efficacy of a plasmid-based rabies vaccine. MATERIALS AND METHODS A plasmid vaccine construc...