Any silicon device that has left the manufacturing process and goes into an application will be exposed to some degree of high-energy electromagnetic or particle radiation. Most devices, however, have seen the highest degree of exposure to particle irradiation already during the manufacturing process, the most common irradiation process being ion implantation. Less common is the exposure of sil...

Total ionizing dose (TID) effects and single event effects (SEE) in antifuse-, Flash-, and SRAM-based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are reviewed. There is a brief discussion of the programmable element impact on the FPGA architecture. In the following sections, most radiation data are from antifuse-based FPGAs. The basic TID mechanisms are introduced and used to explain the anomalies i...

Conference organizer: Henry W. Lim, MD Participants: Barbara A. Gilchrest, MD, Kevin D. Cooper, MD, Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari, MD, MPH, Darrell S. Rigel, MD, W. Howard Cyr, PhD, Sharon Miller, MSEE, Vincent A. DeLeo, MD, Tim K. Lee, PhD, Catherine A. Demko, PhD, Martin A. Weinstock, MD, PhD, Antony Young, PhD, Laura Saul Edwards, Timothy M. Johnson, MD, and Stephen P. Stone, MD Detroit, Michiga...

Since the first days of the space conquest, electronic components have changed remarkably. In the seventies, Single Event Effects (SEE), caused by heavy ions and protons, were unknown. The increase in integration density led first to Single Event Upsets and later, with the CMOS technology, Single Event Latchups etc... The end of the cold war crashed the military market and, since that, the grow...

background: radiation therapy is among the most conventional cancer therapeutic modalities with effective local tumor control. however, due to the development of radio-resistance, tumor recurrence and metastasis often occur following radiation therapy. in recent years, combination of radiotherapy and gene therapy has been suggested to overcome this problem. the aim of the current study was to e...

introduction: ionizing radiations are the hazardous agents in the workplace and all forms of ionizing radiation produce some type of injuries. awareness of application of protection guidelines and knowledge of the principles of radiation protection can play an important role in health of employees. survey of radiation employee’s levels of awareness and practical behavior is essential and should...

Radiation damage is an important issue for the particle detectors operated in a hostile environment where radiations from various sources are expected. This is particularly important for high energy physics detectors designed for the energy and intensity frontiers. This chapter describes the radiation damage effects in scintillating crystals, including the scintillation-mechanism damage, the ra...

Nowadays, sterilization process is used for the benefit of humans in different areas of daily life. This includes the sterilisation of medical supplies and pharmaceuticals, in particular agent and auxiliary materials, decontamination of medical equipment, and decontamination of industry, for example drug-herb and vegetable products are used in broad areas. Gamma irradiation sterilisation method...

although there are substantial experimental, epidemiological and clinical evidences that high doses of ionizing radiation cause cancer and other detrimental biological effects, the health effects of human exposure to chronic low dose radiation exposures are still poorly known. people in some areas around the world live in dwellings with radiation and radon levels as much as more than 200 times ...