background: new technologies using hazardous materials usually have certain risks. it is more serious when the technology is supposed to be applied in a large scale and become widely used by many people. the objective of this paper was to evaluate the risk of vapor cloud explosion in a hydrogen production process. methods: potential hazards were identified using the conventional hazard identifi...

production of highly viscous tar sand bitumen using steam assisted gravity drainage (sagd) with a pair of horizontal wells has advantages over conventional steam flooding. this paper explores the use of artificial neural networks (anns) as an alternative to the traditional sagd simulation approach. feed forward, multi-layered neural network meta-models are trained through the back-error-propaga...

in recent years, formal methods have been used as an important tool forperformance evaluation and verification of a wide range of systems. in the viewpoints of engineers and practitioners, however, there are still some major difficultiesin using formal methods. in this paper, we introduce a new formal modelinglanguage to fill the gaps between object-oriented programming languages (oopls)used by...

representation and modeling of economic uncertainty is addressed by different modeling methods, namely stochastic variables and probabilities, interval analysis, and fuzzy numbers, in particular triple estimates. fo-cusing on discounted cash flow analysis numerical results are presented, comparisons are made between alter-native modeling methods, and characteristics of the methods are discussed.

UNLABELLED The 50% normal-tissue complication probability (NTCP) after lobar irradiation of the liver results in highly variable biologic effective doses depending on the modality used: a biologic effective dose for 50% (BED50) of 115, 93, and 250 Gy for external-beam radiotherapy, resin microsphere radioembolization, and glass microsphere radioembolization, respectively. This misunderstood pro...

GRID directs alternating regions of high- and low-dose radiation at tumors. A large animal model mimicking the geometries of human treatments is needed to complement existing rodent systems (eg, microbeam) and clarify the physical and biological attributes of GRID. A pilot study was undertaken in pet dogs with spontaneous soft tissue sarcomas to characterize responses to GRID. Subjects were tre...

PURPOSE Salvage radiotherapy (SRT) after radical prostatectomy can potentially eradicate residual microscopic disease. Defining the optimal patient and treatment factors is essential and is particularly relevant within the context of adjuvant vs early vs delayed postoperative radiotherapy (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS A systematic review of all published SRT studies was performed to identify th...

Stereotactic radiosurgery is a technique of external irradiation that utilizes multiple convergent beams to deliver a high single dose of radiation to a small volume. In any stereotactic procedure, a coordinate system associated with a stereotactic frame is used both to reference the 10cation of intracranial structures with radiological studies and to direct intervention, such as biopsy, cranio...

The challenge for internal therapy is to deliver the highest possible dose to the tumor while sparing normal organs from damage. Currently, the potential risk of kidney and red marrow toxicity limits the amount of radioactivity that may be administered. An accurate dosimetry method that would provide reliable dose estimates to these critical organs and to tumors before therapy would allow the c...

purpose: to assess the optical effect of the technis-z9000 iol decentration by lio-brennan mathematic-optical eye model. methods: the phantom with real eye parameters (lio-brennas) was used for iol technis-z9000 modeling with zemax code. modulation transfer function (mtf) and mtf contrast that represent the ratio of the image data to total object data in optical system were used for analysis. r...