A field survey was begun in 1986 to determine the status of prairie vegetation on railroad rights-of-way in Wisconsin. Two % of 849 sample points located at 1.6 km intervals along railroads were found to contain relatively high quality prairie, and 23 % contained slightly degraded prairie. A significant proportion of these remnants contained mesic prairie, a community type which today is almost...

It is widely known that the railroad diesel locomotive engines emit significant amount of air pollutants. However, these engines are not equipped with any air pollutants reducing devices in Korea, resulting in the accumulative air pollution near the railroad. Because the pollutants emission from driving locomotive engines cannot be measured directly, the emission factors based on the amount of ...

" A T INTERVALS not longer t han 3 years the Board shall make an estimate of the liabilities created by this Act and the Railroad Retirement Act of 1 9 3 5 and shall include such estimate in its annual report ."1 In accordance with this s tatutory mandate , the Railroad Retirement Board has issued the second actuarial valuation, along with its recommendations and a s ta tement of the Actuarial ...

Ground vibrations during train operations have become a serious problem in recent years. Local residents often feel disturbed by the emanating from railroad line. This inconvenience is particularly pronounced loose areas traversed subways. However, improving mechanical properties of tunnels has been subject several studies. Among these works, widely discussed fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) cons...

Just as Diemer reveals the importance of one man to Underground Railroad, Alicestyne Turley’s The Gospel Freedom: Black Evangelicals and Railroad (University Press Kentucky) how state, Kentucky, was an integral if overlooked part African Americans’ quest for emancipation in long-nineteenth century. Reviewer Richard Newman believes most important contribution is her contention that religious lea...

The magnetoacoustic measurement technique has been used successfully for residual stress measurements in laboratory samples[1-4]. However, when used to field test samples with complex geometries, such as railroad wheels, the sensitivity of the method declines dramatically[5,6]. It has been suggested that the decrease in performance may be due, in part, to an insufficient or nonuniform magnetic ...

145 -I 24 Receipts: I Appropriations (equal to Federal insurance contributions).-._---. Intercstandother~........~~.~....-......-...~-~-~...---.~~~~~~~. Proposed locislstion extending coverage, raising tax base, and addingdisabilitybcnents~~.. _.._..........._........ -...______._. Expenditures (benefit and administrative expenses): Existing legislation.-_____._.. -----._.____.._ --.___________...

Within the North American freight railroad industry, there is currently an effort to enable more intelligent telemetry for freight trains. By enabling greater visibility of their rolling stock, including locomotives and railroad cars, railroad companies hope to improve their asset utilization, operational safety, and business profitability. Different communication and sensing technologies are b...

ing to this estimate the railroad retirement system might have a relatively small amount to transfer to the old-age and survivors insurance system, but the amount is far more than offset by the employer and employee contributions with respect to the short-service employees that the railroad retirement system, in effect, collects and retains. No benefits other than the residual death payment, wh...

Greater than half of all the fatal injuries on United States railroads are sustained by trespassers. The paper provides a statistical analysis of the demographics of trespassers, the activities they were engaged in, and the causes of injury. It also analyzes trends over time. The paper finds that the risks of injury and death are particularly acute for males in their 20s and 30s. The annual cas...