Studies suggest that estrogen plays a contributing role in colorectal cancer. This project examined the preventive effects of raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), and gonadorelin, an antiestrogenic drug, in female Apc(Min/+) mouse intestinal tumorigenesis. Six-week-old Apc(Min/+)mice were fed diet containing 1 ppm raloxifene or control diet. Gonadorelin (150 ng/mouse) was...

Methotrexate, a cytostatic and immunosuppressive drug, has been reported to deteriorate the osseous system. Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is used in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. There is a lack of data on possible ways of preventing the unwanted skeletal effects of prolonged immunosuppressive therapy. The aim of the present study was to inv...

BACKGROUND 17 beta-estradiol reduces myocardial infarct size which is mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and the opening of Ca (2+)-activated K+ (KCa) channels. Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, demonstrates acute coronary artery vasorelaxing effects. Whether raloxifene reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury and what mechanisms are involved in the cardioprotective effects were invest...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Modulation of vascular tone is one of the most relevant estrogen effects. A beneficial effect on endothelial function in postmenopausal women has also been proposed for the selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene. However, its effects in women with established cardiovascular disease have not been fully elucidated. In addition, recent trials have generated co...

BACKGROUND In patients with early-stage breast cancer, 5 years of treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) tamoxifen reduces breast cancer recurrence and mortality, whereas more than 5 years of tamoxifen does not further reduce breast cancer recurrence and doubles the risk of endometrial cancer. We evaluated the effects on tumor growth of raloxifene, another SERM, after t...

OBJECTIVE To explore effects on serum lipids, pituitary-gonadal axis, prostate and bone turnover of the administration of the mixed oestrogen agonist/antagonist raloxifene in healthy elderly men. PARTICIPANTS Thirty healthy men aged 60-70 years randomly received raloxifene 120 mg/day (n=15) or placebo (n=15) for 3 months. MEASUREMENTS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, serum go...

BACKGROUND Raloxifene hydrochloride therapy reduces the risk for vertebral fractures at 3 years, but the effects on clinical vertebral fractures in the first year are not known. METHODS The Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) Trial enrolled 7705 women with osteoporosis, defined by prevalent vertebral fractures and/or a bone mineral density (BMD) T score at or below -2.5, who wer...

Estrogen has been implicated in the development and course of schizophrenia with most evidence suggesting a neuroprotective effect. Treatment with raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, can reduce symptom severity, improve cognition and normalize brain activity during learning in schizophrenia. People with schizophrenia are especially impaired in the identification of negative fac...

BACKGROUND Alendronate sodium and raloxifene hydrochloride were recently approved for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, but data on their clinical efficacy are limited. We compared these drugs with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to help women and physicians guide postmenopausal treatment decisions. OBJECTIVE To help physicians understand how they can best help women choose the...

BACKGROUND The effect of raloxifene, a selective estrogen-receptor modulator, on coronary heart disease (CHD) and breast cancer is not established. METHODS We randomly assigned 10,101 postmenopausal women (mean age, 67.5 years) with CHD or multiple risk factors for CHD to 60 mg of raloxifene daily or placebo and followed them for a median of 5.6 years. The two primary outcomes were coronary e...