[1] The present and future state of the Arctic sea ice cover is explored using new observations and a coupled one dimensional air–sea–ice model. Updated satellite observations of Fram Strait ice-area export show an increase over the last four years, with 37% increase in winter 07–08. Atmospheric poleward energy flux declined since 1990, but advection of oceanic heat has recently increased. Simu...

Background: The application of laparoscopic method for intrauterine insemination is limited in sheep industry by the high cost of equipment and low pregnancy rate of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Both disadvantages could be decreased if chilled ram semen is transported to the farms and inseminated through cervix. Semen extender provides the requirements for sperm and affects its motility, viabilit...

The DIII–D fusion science research facility employs positive-ion based neutral beam ion sources for plasma heating and current drive experiments. Ion species produced inside the arc chamber of an ion source determine the composition of the neutral beams injected into the plasma and in turn affect the energy deposition along the cross section of the plasma. Arc chamber design and operation schem...

most women want to know about possible consequences radiology, radioisotope or even television terminal. because knowing about them, prevent from fear. fetus is inevitably placed to some types of radiation. environmental radiation occurs from atmosphere, soil and buildings. total radiation above, ingested and possibly inhaled radioisotopes probably is seventy five-thousandth to one-tenth of ram...

Two types of compact microwave plasma ion sources (MWPIS) for focused ion beam (FIB) have been developed. Cavity resonator type plasma ion source is subjected to make resonant electric field in order to ignite plasma efficiently. The optimum length of resonator and antenna, and position of quartz and antenna have been designed by both simple calculation and computer simulation. The other source...

This paper presents a simplified analysis method for the estimation of reciprocating hermetic compressor performance. Conventionally, the analysis method with indicator diagram is utilized for this purpose. This diagram is generally obtained by measuring pressure changes jn a cylinder, a suction chamber and a discharge chamber with pressure sensors. This new method has been developed, where onl...

A current-voltage characteristic of direct current (DC) gas discharge operated in a micro gas jet injected into a secondary electron microscope (SEM) chamber is presented. Ar gas was injected through a 30 μm orifice gas nozzle (OGN) and was evacuated by an additional pump to keep the high vacuum environment. Gas discharges were ignited between the OGN as anode and a counter electrode of Si wafe...

In this paper, two fluid–structure interaction (FSI) models of the discharge valve are presented to study the effect of partly covering the discharge port by the cylinder and the roller on the effective flow and force areas. One is the full FSI model and another is the simplified FSI model in which the discharge port is not covered and the cylinder shape is simplified to be cylindrical. The pre...

The effect of aging temperature on discharge characteristics of the MgO film of alternating currentplasma display panels (AC-PDPs) has been investigated from the point of view of surface contamination on the MgO protective layer. AC-PDP front panel samples were tested with Ne-Xe (4%) gas discharge after aging at elevated substrate temperatures. Real time analysis of the plasma composition near ...