The founders of the WTO placed priority on raising standards of living and on sustainable development and expansion of trade was a means to achieve these ends. However, such broad objectives are now being equated by many with the broadening of the means as well. Such a tendency could be found even during the Uruguay Round of negotiations. The inclusion of a range of trade-related issues in the ...

This Book Review surveys The Post-Cold War Trading System by Sylvia Ostry. Part I explains the features of international trade law and policy the book highlights, and the perspectives offered by the book about those features. Part II of this review critically analyzes the book. It identifies the issues not addressed, and the arguments not made. Part II thereby imparts to the prospective reader ...

Today fish is the most traded food commodity in the World. This situation is not without generating potential issues. On the one hand, fish trade is said to support economic growth processes in developing countries by providing an important source of cash revenue. On the other hand, fish trade is also said to lead to a decline in food security and a decrease in the availability of fish for the ...

in iran, new centralization characteristic, especially during pahlavi dynasty, has been convergence and its vast use in bureaucracy. historical sociological studies have consensus on the issues of centralization, power centralization, and political sovereignty in iran; however, these issues have some divisional interruptions and different levels of strength in some parts of the history. this es...

The evaluation of radiation treatment plans involves making trade-offs among doses delivered to the tumor volumes and nearby normal tissues. Evaluating state-of-the-art three-dimensional (3D) plans is a difficult task because of the huge amount of planning data that needs to be deciphered. Multiattribute utility theory provides a methodology for specifying trade-offs and selecting the optimal p...

A major function of a security analyst is to analyze collected intelligence looking for plans, associated events, or other evidence that may identify an adversary’s intent. Armed with this knowledge, the analyst then develops potential responses (e.g., countermeasures) to deter the discovered plan or plans, weighs their strengths and weaknesses (e.g., collateral damage) and then makes a recomme...

The European Commission’s new trade policy review promises more assertiveness and enforceability. While aligning with the ambition to become a geopolitical actor, it is unclear how this bodes for justice. Focusing on Trade and Sustainable Development Chapters in EU free agreements, number of critical questions can be raised putative benefits muscular approach.