objective(s): smoking opium/cigarette is a global health concern. the aim of this study was to examine learning and memory of rat male offsprings whose mothers had been exposed to either opium or morphine with nicotine during pregnancy. materials and methods: wistar rats were used for the experiments. in the female rats, opium, morphine and nicotine dependencies were induced by daily injections...

The rhythm of melatonin in rat milk and the capacity of pups to synthesize and metabolize melatonin were studied. Melatonin was undetectable in milk in the light (< 21 pM), but increased rapidly 2-4 h after dark to peak at 357 +/- 66 pM at mid-dark. Oral or subcutaneous administration of melatonin to 5- and 10-day-old pups resulted in peak plasma melatonin levels 30 min after administration and...

Histomorphological and histochemical study, by light microscopy, was undertaken on the lower respiratory system of albino rat at two different ages (1st 4th months). The trachea lungs were weighted, measured stained with Hematoxylin eosin, Masson's Trichrome stain PAS stain. results revealed there's significant differences in weight body lung pups represented gradually increase respectively, 1s...

Maternal nutrition plays a critical role in physical growth and neurobehavior of offspring. The aim of this study was to assess the nature of maternal undernutrition on the physical growth and neurobehavior of newborn male and female rat pups. To attain this aim, a model of maternal 50% food restriction (FR50) was induced in Wistar rats. After parturition, the physical growth and neurobehavior ...

Although the existence of a close relationship between the early maternal developmental environment, fetal size at birth and the risk of developing disease in adulthood has been suggested, most studies, however, employed experimentally induced intrauterine growth restriction as a model to link this with later adult disease. Because embryonic size variation also occurs under normal growth and di...

Wistar rat pups were implanted with bilateral olfactory bulb cannulas on postnatal day 5 (PN5). On PN6, pups were trained in an olfactory classical conditioning task with peppermint odor as the CS and tactile stimulation/stroking as the UCS. Pups were randomly assigned to either PAIRED, BACKWARD or ODOR-only conditions. Half the pups in each group received intrabulbar infusions of 100 microM pr...

Daily separation of rat pups from their mothers while the preweaning period has an impact on behavior and stress response of pups. We hypothesized that maternal separation may create a depression-like state in mother rats from which we separate the rat pups and decrease their reproductive function and fertility. Also, we aimed to evaluate the transmission degree of depression and anxiety across...

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the role of milk availability in the development of independent feeding and drinking in the Norway rat pup. Beginning on Day 14 postnatally, pups were exposed to different levels of milk supply by changing litter size from 8 to 4 versus 12 pups (Experiment 1) or limiting temporally the pups' access to a lactating dam to 8, 14, or 24 hr daily (Experi...

The postnatal effects of in utero exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, C8F17SO3-) were evaluated in the rat and mouse. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given 1, 2, 3, 5, or 10 mg/kg PFOS daily by gavage from gestation day (GD) 2 to GD 21; pregnant CD-1 mice were treated with 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg PFOS from GD 1 to GD 18. Controls received 0.5% Tween-20 vehicle (1 ml/kg for rats an...

A technique for immobilizing rat pups and irradiating selected regions of the head is described. As an example, measurements are given for the focal irradiation of the hippocampus. If animals of nearly the same weight are selected, several pups of the same age can be irradiated simultaneously.