We develop a model to study the role of individual rationality in economics and biology. The model’s agents differ continuously in their ability to make rational choices. The agents’ objective is to ensure their individual survival over time or, equivalently, to maximize profits. In equilibrium, however, individually rational agents who maximize their objective survival probability are, individ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to develop a Spanish adaptation of the Irrational Food Beliefs Scale (IFBS). This is important due not only to the scarcity and limitations of existing instruments in Spanish, but also to the potential of the IFBS in terms of studying the difficulties some people face in achieving healthy weight control. METHODS Subjects were 323 secondary-level and high sch...

Irrational drug use is associated with adverse consequences including drug resistance and avoidable adverse drug reactions. Studies of rational drug use in psychiatric facilities are scanty. This study evaluated prescription practices and perception of health care professionals regarding causes of irrational drug use. A retrospective study conducted at the outpatient clinic of Federal Neuropsyc...

This paper provides an optimal approximation of the fundamental linear fractional order transfer function using a distribution of the relaxation time function. Simple methods, useful in systems and control theories, which can be used to approximate the irrational transfer function of a class of fractional systems for a given frequency band by a rational function are presented. The optimal param...

From ancient times, philosophers have been proposing theories of human rationality. More recently, many evolutionary psychologists have been conducting studies which appear to show that, under certain conditions, humans are frequently irrational, or, at least, illogical. Nevertheless, the human species has survived and thrived and thus humans must have developed reasoning capacities which work ...

In this paper, we show that the Chvátal-Gomory closure of any compact convex set is a rational polytope. This resolves an open question of Schrijver [17] for irrational polytopes1, and generalizes the same result for the case of rational polytopes [17], rational ellipsoids [8] and strictly convex bodies [7].

We investigate how the four-dimensional noncommutative open string/Yang-Mills theory behaves under a general non-perturbative quantum SL(2, Z) symmetry transformation. We discuss this by considering D3 branes in a constant background of axion, dilaton, and electric and magnetic fields (including both E ⊥ B and E||B cases) in the respective decoupling limit. We find that the value of axion, whet...

While connected rational arithmetical discrete lines and connected rational arithmetical discrete planes are entirely characterized, only partial results exist for the irrational arithmetical discrete planes. In the present paper, we focus on the connectedness of irrational arithmetical discrete planes, namely the arithmetical discrete planes with a normal vector of which the coordinates are no...

A Nash equilibrium has become important solution concept for analyzing the decision making in Game theory. In this paper, we consider the problem of computing Nash equilibria of a subclass of generic finite normal form games. We define rational payoff irrational equilibria games to be the games with all rational payoffs and all irrational equilibria. We present a purely algebraic method for com...

By observing other people, we can often infer goals and motivations behind their actions. This study examines the role of the action observation network (AON) and the mentalising network (MZN) in the perception of rational and irrational actions. Past studies in this area report mixed results, so the present paper uses new stimuli which precisely control motion path, the social form of the acto...