This paper introduces a new model for consensus called federated Byzantine agreement (FBA). FBA achieves robustness through quorum slices—individual trust decisions made by each node that together determine system-level quorums. Slices bind the system together much the way individual networks’ peering and transit decisions now unify the Internet. We also present the Stellar Consensus Protocol (...

Bitcoin’s core innovation is its solution to double-spending, called Nakamoto consensus. This provides a probabilistic guarantee that transactions will not be reversed or redirected, provided that it is improbable for an attacker to obtain a majority of mining power in the network. While this may be true in the traditional sense, this assumption becomes tenuous when miners are assumed to be rat...

The aim of this research is to study social factors influencing on social consensus. Sampling method was multi-process and included cluster and multistage sampling and sample size based on Cochran's Formula was 380 persons too. Data collection tools was questionnaire. In this research, the methods of data analysis were independent T-Test, Spearman Correlation Coefficient, Multivariate Regressio...

This paper concerns the problem of output consensus in nonlinear non-minimum phase systems. The main contribution of the paper is to guarantee achieving consensus in the presence of unstable zero dynamics. To achieve this goal, an output redefinition method is proposed. The new outputs of agents are functions of original outputs and internal states and defined such that the dynamics of agents a...

Several models (including the widely used Sznajd model) have been proposed in order to describe the social phenomenon of consensus formation. The objective of the present paper is to supplement the simulations based on these models with a “real world simulation”; it considers a situation which can be considered as an ideal laboratory for analyzing consensus formation, namely the authorization o...

Bitcoin and hundreds of other cryptocurrencies employ a consensus protocol called Nakamoto consensus which reward miners for maintaining a public blockchain. In this paper, we study the security of this protocol with respect to rational miners and show how a minority of the computation power can incentivize the rest of the network to accept a blockchain of the minority’s choice. By deviating fr...

Several models (including the widely used Sznajd model) have been proposed in order to describe the social phenomenon of consensus formation. The objective of the present paper is to supplement the simulations based on these models with a “real world simulation”; it considers a situation which can be considered as an ideal laboratory for analyzing consensus formation, namely the authorization o...

Assuming a linguistic framework, a model for the consensus reaching problem in heterogeneous group decision making is proposed. This model contains two types of linguistic consensus measures: linguistic consensus degrees and linguistic proximities to guide the consensus reaching process. These measures evaluate the current consensus state on three levels of action: level of the pairs of alterna...