rationality and spirituality is a theory follows the spiritualism in west, to fill the spiritual gap made by modernism. the goal of this theory is reduction of human’s pain by collecting between rationality and spirituality, which is engendered by modernism and religion. as modernism based on reason, rationality is fundamental in this theory. spiritualty is application of rationality or is pers...

The strategy of this paper is to throw light on rational cognition and epistemic justification by examining irrationality. Epistemic irrationality is possible because we are reflexive cognizers, able to reason about and redirect some aspects of our own cognition. One consequence of this is that one cannot give a theory of epistemic rationality or epistemic justification without simultaneously g...

“Rationality” has played a central role in shaping and establishing the hegemony of contemporary mainstream economics. As the specific claims of robust neoclassicism fade into the history of economic thought, an orientation toward situating explanations of economic phenomena in relation to rationality has increasingly become the touchstone by which mainstream economists identify themselves and ...

Given that the assumption of perfect rationality is rarely met in the real world, we explore a graded notion of rationality in socioecological systems of networked actors. We parametrize an actors' rationality via their place in a social network and quantify system rationality via the average Jensen-Shannon divergence between the games Nash and logit quantal response equilibria. Previous work h...

This paper investigates learning in the Santa Fe (El Farol) bar problem (sfbp). It is argued that rationality together with belief-based learning (e.g., Bayesian updating) yields unstable behavior in this game. More specifically, two conditions normally sufficient for convergence to Nash equilibrium, namely rationality and predictivity, are shown to be incompatible. Low-rationality learning alg...

We show how standard learning rules can be interpreted as small departures from rationality in the context of an asset pricing model. We propose a distinction between ‘internal rationality’, as agents that maximize discounted expected utility under uncertainty given consistent beliefs about the future, and ‘external rationality’as agents that know perfectly the true stochastic process for funda...