The DNA of Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes extracted by ammonium hydroxide was used as the template for nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the species-specific 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The primers were those well known to be specific for signature sequence amplification of the B burgdorferi sensu lato 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The positive 293-base-pair nested PCR amplicon ...

Bacillus is a diverse bacterial genus characterized by cells growing aerobically and forming dormant endospores. Although Bacillus species were some of the first bacteria ever characterized, their relationships to one another remain enigmatic. The recent deluge of environmental sequencing projects has further complicated our view of Bacillus taxonomy and diversity. In this review we discuss the...

MOTIVATION 16S rDNA hypervariable tag sequencing has become the de facto method for accessing microbial diversity. Illumina paired-end sequencing, which produces two separate reads for each DNA fragment, has become the platform of choice for this application. However, when the two reads do not overlap, existing computational pipelines analyze data from read separately and underutilize the infor...

provides direct evidence that this arthropod is a competent vector (4). We report the first identification and characterization of an HGE-like agent in a blacklegged tick collected in a tick-endemic area of Canada (6). Sixty male and 60 female I. scapularis were collected from five white-tailed deer shot on Long Point Peninsula, Ontario, during November 1999. Live ticks were cut longitudinally ...

Aim-To identify Candida species in formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded tissue by sequencing candidal rDNA.Methods-Target rDNA sequences were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from fresh isolates of Candida and from 18 preserved oral mucosal tissue samples (16 cases of chronic hyperplastic candidiasis and two fibroepithelial polyps), shown histologically to contain Candida. Identifi...

Samples from the kidney of 100 diseased fish with signs of haemorrhagic septicemia and 50 samples from outlet water of fish farms were taken aseptically and cultured. In the laboratory, 75 colonies of gram-negative bacteria were biochemically diagnosed as motile aeromonads in our Bacteriology Laboratory Unit using API 20E rapid identification system. The genotype identification using specific p...

BACKGROUND RNA silencing is a common term for pathways utilizing small RNAs as sequence-specific guides to repress gene expression. Components of the RNA silencing machinery are involved in different aspects of chromatin function in numerous organisms. However, association of RNA silencing with chromatin in mammalian cells remains unclear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Immunostaining of mito...

Diagnostic approaches to onychomycosis have traditionally been based on a combination of culture and microscopy. In the present study clinical specimens from 346 patients with suspected onychomycosis were analysed by 18S polymerase chain reaction (detection) followed by sequencing and subsequent database search (identification) in parallel with routine culture on agar (detection and identificat...

background : strongyloides stercoralis is a prevalent parasite in some rural areas in the north of iran. we decided to investigate whether the 18s ribosomal dna sequence of the parasite in iran is similar to the findings of the other re­searchers. methods :  we collected 3514 stool samples from gilan and mazandaran, northern iran, during the year 2005-2006, from which 96 were found infected wit...