In practice, the issue of mixing and chemical reactions is very important in the economic aspects of chemical reaction engineering. A major priority in industrial reactors is to optimize the yield of desired products. This optimization is a function of reactor geometry, the chemical and physical characteristics of the reacting system, the degree of mixing, and the mode of supplying the reactor ...

Since the discovery of organic azides by Peter Griess more than 140 years ago, numerous syntheses of these energy-rich molecules have been developed. In more recent times in particular, completely new perspectives have been developed for their use in peptide chemistry, combinatorial chemistry, and heterocyclic synthesis. Organic azides have assumed an important position at the interface between...

A simple, highly efficient and green procedure for the condensation of o-phenylenediamines with 1, 2-dicarbonyl compounds in the presence of vitamin C, as an inexpensive organocatalyst, is described. Using this method, variety of quinoxaline derivatives with different electron releasing and electron withdrawing substituents, are produced in high to excellent yields at room temperature in ethano...

Spirooxindoles are important synthetic targets possessing extended biological activity and drug discovery applications.The development of multicomponent reactions designed to produce elaborate biologically active compounds has become an important area of research in organic, combinatorial, and medicinal chemistry. in this Manuscript, a facile and efficient multicomponent synthesis of functional...

The molybdenum blue reaction, used predominantly for the determination of orthophosphate in environmental waters, has been perpetually modified and re-optimised over the years, but this important reaction in analytical chemistry is usually treated as something of a 'black box' in the analytical literature. A large number of papers describe a wide variety of reaction conditions and apparently di...

Abstract The extent of a chemical reaction has received little attention in the early stages of Chemistry teaching, despite allowing a general way to work with chemical reactions and equilibria. In this article, the concepts of extent of reaction and extent of reaction balances are revised and several applications to study the change in the concentrations of the species involved in chemical rea...

Bamboo is one of the important biopolymers which is used in chemistry. In this work, for the first time, a solid acid catalyst from bamboo was prepared from the reaction of sawdust bamboo and chlorosulfonic acid. Relevant properties of catalyst were investigated by FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TGA. The sulfonated bamboo (bamboo-SO3H) with several acid functional groups was utilized as highly ...

Nano silica sulfuric acid as a solid acid, was described to be an effective catalyst for one-pot three-component reaction of kojic acid, aryl aldehydes and indoles for the preparation of 2-substituted aryl (indolyl) kojic acid derivatives. The catalyst was prepared by combination of chlorosulfonic acid to nano silica gel. The size of nanoparticles were observed with SEM.All prepared compounds w...

Reaction invariants are quantities that take the same values before, during and after a reaction. We identify a set of reaction invariants that are linear transformations of the species mole numbers. The material balances for chemically reacting mixtures correspond exactly to equating these reaction invariants before and after reaction has taken place. We present a systematic method for determi...