Organic solid wastes were treated in various types of methanogenic bioelectrochemical reactors, equipped with an external electrochemical system to control electron flow and improve microbial activity. At a high organic loading rate, cathodic bioelectrochemical reactors demonstrated greater decomposition of artificial garbage slurry and higher methane production than both anodic bioelectrochemi...

This paper investigates denitrification of brines originating from membrane treatment of groundwater in an upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactor, a biofilm reactor without carrier. A simulated brine wastewater was prepared from tap water and contained a nitrate concentration of 125 mg/l as N and a total salt concentration of about 1%. In order to select for a suitable energy source for denitrific...

To demonstrate the applicability and feasibility of AI technology in nuclear fields in China, a fuzzy controller to control the reactor power of China Advanced Research Reactor (CARR) is designed in this paper. The fuzzy controller uses Mamdani inference system based 2 inputs-power difference and power period, 1 outputvelocity of control rods. To evaluate the performance of the fuzzy controller...

The Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) was a 62.5 MWt±20 MWe sodium cooled fast reactor that was operated successfully for 30 years. Over its period of operation a wealth of fuels and materials information originated from EBR-II. Several missions were conducted in EBR-II, all of which yielded new and valuable additions to the world's knowledge base for nuclear materials. Some of the ®rst ...

Anaerobic dechlorination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) was studied in two upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors. One reactor received glucose (0.9 g liter-1) as an additional carbon source; the other one served as a control. The concentration of PCP in the medium was 4.5 and 3.0 mg liter-1 in the experimental and control reactors, respectively. The reactors were inoculated with granular sludge ...

Changes in communities of syntrophic acetate-oxidizing bacteria (SAOB) and methanogens caused by elevated ammonia levels were quantified in laboratory-scale methanogenic biogas reactors operating at moderate temperature (37°C) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The experimental reactor was subjected to gradually increasing ammonia levels (0.8-6.9 g NH4 (+) -N l(-1) ), whereas ...

Dyed microspheres have been developed as a new method for validation of ultraviolet (UV) reactor systems. When properly applied, dyed microspheres allow measurement of the UV dose distribution delivered by a photochemical reactor for a given operating condition. Prior to this research, dyed microspheres had only been applied to a bench-scale UV reactor. The goal of this research was to extend t...

Effect of algae movement, as a result of random mixing, between the surface and bottom zones of shallow, moderately deep and deep photobioreactors (incident light intensities per unit volume were 8125, 4062 and 2031~01. rnP3. s-l, respectively) on the reactor productivity was investigated. The results showed that at low cell concentrations, movement of cells between the surface and bottom zones...

Biomass steam pretreatment is a key process in converting agricultural wastes to bioethanol. The pretreatment occurs in a large pressurized tank called a thermal reactor. Two key parameters influence the successfulness of the process: the reactor temperature, and the retention time. A particle pump pressurizes untreated biomass from atmospheric to reactor pressure with recycled steam from the r...

In order to operate a process which uses immobilized enzymes at constant conversion and constant capacity, the refreshment of the enzyme must be continuous. In this paper, two reactor types with continuous refreshment of the biocatalyst are discussed: the stirred tank and the multistage fluidized bed. A method is presented for dimensioning a reactor in such a way that the costs for the conversi...