A gas-phase reactor with reversible exothermic reactions is the classical example of the many tradeoffs between operating costs and capital costs. Because per-pass conversion is limited by chemical equilibrium, recycle is almost always needed, and this gas recycle is expensive because of the high capital cost and high energy cost of gas compression. At low temperatures, conversion is limited by...

In this paper we present the Reactor Pattern to enable the modelling of processes that consume inputs and produce outputs under specific environmental conditions and on being triggered by certain events. Reactor pattern is a content ontology design pattern and is especially targeted towards modelling reactive processes with a “black box” view of the process.

We present the design and performance of a homebuilt high-pressure and high-temperature reactor equipped with a high-resolution scanning tunneling microscope (STM) for catalytic studies. In this design, the STM body, sample, and tip are placed in a small high pressure reactor ( approximately 19 cm(3)) located within an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber. A sealable port on the wall of the reactor s...

An integral reactor design methodology was developed to address the optimal design of photocatalytic wall reactors to be used in air pollution control. For a target pollutant to be eliminated from an air stream, the proposed methodology is initiated with a mechanistic derived reaction rate. The determination of intrinsic kinetic parameters is associated with the use of a simple geometry laborat...

With the increasing use of the actor model in concurrent programming there is also an increased demand in precise design notations. Precise notations enable software engineers to rigorously specify and validate the non-deterministic behavior of concurrent systems. Traditional design notations are either imperative, too concrete, or do not support the actor model. In this paper, we present a new...

introduction biofuels are considered as one of the largest sources of renewable fuels or replacement of fossil fuels. combustion of plant-based fuels is the indirect use of solar energy. biofuels significantly have less pollution than other fossil fuels and can easily generate from residual plant material. waste and residues of foods and wastewater can also be a good source for biofuel producti...

A method is developed to design a tank reactor for unique operation and for two simultaneous or consecutive reactions of the first order. Dimensionless groups are introduced which are either exclusively representative for the properties of the reaction system or exclusively for the design and operating variables. In a plot of the dimensionless slopes of the heat withdrawal line versus the dimen...

The Advanced Liquid Metal Reactor (ALMR) is a US Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored fast reactor design based on the Power Reactor, Innovative Small Module (PRISM) concept originated by General Electric and fieled with ternary metal Iiel (under development by Argonne National Laboratory in the IFR Program). Higher actinide transmutation may be accomplished in the ALMR by using either a breedi...

The model of the pseudo-homogeneous, one-dimensional, cooled tubular reactor is applied to two consecutive, irreversible first order reactions. A criterion is derived to obtain a desired integral yield. Based on this criterion three requirements are formulated, which enable us to choose the relevant design and operating conditions. If any of the requirements are met, the reactor is also safe wi...