We study linear transformations $$T :\mathbb {R}[x] \rightarrow \mathbb {R}[x]$$ of the form $$T[x^n]=P_n(x)$$ where $$\{P_n(x)\}$$ is a real orthogonal polynomial system. With $$T=\sum \tfrac{Q_k(x)}{k!}D^k$$ , we seek to understand behavior transformation T by studying roots $$Q_k(x)$$ . prove four main things. First, show that only case are constant and an system when $$P_n(x)$$ shifted set ...

There has been considerable debate about the major factors responsible for the dramatic decline of China’s energy intensity in the 1980s and 1990s. However, few detailed analysis has been done to explain the fluctuation in energy intensity during 2002–2005. In this paper, we use the structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to decompose energy intensity into five determining factors: Energy input...

The linear super-Burnett coefficient gives corrections to the diffusion equation in the form of higher derivatives of the density. Like the diffusion coefficient, it can be expressed in terms of integrals of correlation functions, but involving four different times. The power law decay of correlations in real gases (with many moving particles) and the random Lorentz gas (with one moving particl...

This paper introduces a causation coefficient which is defined in terms of probabilistic causal models. This coefficient is suggested as the natural causal analogue of the Pearson correlation coefficient and permits comparing causation and correlation to each other in a simple, yet rigorous manner. Together, these coefficients provide a natural way to classify the possible correlation/causation...

The local stability of a nonlinear dynamical system at an equilibrium point with a pair of purely imaginary eigenvalues can be assessed through the computation of a cubic Hopf normal form coefficient, assuming the remaining eigenvalues have negative real parts. In this paper, a modal decomposition of the Hopf coefficient is proved. The decomposition provides a new methodology for analyzing the ...