Two macaque monkeys were reared with daily administration of the cycloplegic drug, atropine, to one eye until 8 months after birth. Behavioral testing of contrast sensitivity functions in the atropinized eyes during the rearing period demonstrated that this rearing procedure caused the treated eyes to be chronically defocused. Measurement at the age of 6 or 8 months of contrast sensitivity whil...

BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that social support is an important factor with regard to maternal psychological distress. The associations between the contextual factors in terms of social support and the risk of maternal psychological distress have not been adequately studied in Japan. The objective of this study was to examine the association of the presence of advisors on child re...

We modeled the cost-effectiveness of rearing Anastrepha ludens, a major fruit fly pest currently mass reared for sterilization and release in pest control programs implementing the sterile insect technique (SIT). An optimization model was generated by combining response surface models of artificial diet cost savings with models of A. ludens pupation, pupal weight, larval development time and ad...

We tested the hypothesis that parental effort modulates the magnitude of corticosterone and prolactin responses to stress in a long-lived bird, the Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). To do so, we compared corticosterone and prolactin responses to capture/restraint stress between chick-rearing birds and failed breeders (no parental effort). We predicted that (1) the increase in plasma co...

We examined the effects of early rearing experience on the development of dominance status in 53 juvenile (age 3) and then in 38 adult (ages 5-8) rhesus macaques. Based on previous research investigating the behavioral outcomes of nursery-rearing, we predicted that mother-reared (MR) monkeys would outrank peer-only reared (PR) monkeys, which would in turn outrank surrogate/peer-reared (SPR) sub...

The paucity of information on reasons for the increased efficiency of egg production by pullets which have been restricted-fed during rearing is discussed. Preliminary results are presented which form part of a detailed research programme aimed at elucidating the mechanisms responsible. Production responses of hens which had been restricted fed during rearing were similar to those expected. Egg...

An increasing number of teachers are introducing animals into their class so that pupils foster cognitive, physiological, and social skills through their interaction with animals. Along with such an educational style termed animal-assisted education (AAE), Japanese formal education has also utilized animals for education. Japanese animal-rearing education is unique regarding the following two p...

abstract-the species frankliniella occidentalis (pergande),western flower thrips, is a highly polyphagous pest and an important vector of tospoviruses on several crops and ornamental plants. western flower thrips has been introduced throughout the world and has been subject to many biological studies including mass rearing. in this survey, seven common mass rearing methods of f. occidentalis we...

Isotopic composition of (87) Sr:(86) Sr and natural elemental tracers (Sr, Ba, Mg, Mn and Ca) were quantified from otoliths in juvenile and adult Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to assess the ability of otolith microchemistry and microstructure to reconstruct juvenile O. tshawytscha rearing habitat and growth. Daily increments were measured to assess relative growth between natal rearin...

Hippocampal cell proliferation is strongly increased and synaptic turnover decreased after rearing under social and physical deprivation in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). We examined if a similar epigenetic effect of rearing environment on adult neuroplastic responses can be found in mice (Mus musculus). We examined synaptic turnover rates in the dentate gyrus, CA3, CA1, subiculum, and entorh...