An efficient and green protocol for the synthesis of 2-arylsubstituted benzimidazoles via a condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes and 1,2-phenylenediamine using nano-Fe3O4@SiO2-SO3H as a solid acid catalyst in ethanol under reflux conditions has been described. The reactions are completed in short times, and the corresponding benzimidaz...

In this paper we will present a new method to calculate determinants of square matrices. The method is based on the Chio-Dodgson's condensation formula and our approach automatically affects in reducing the order of determinants by two. Also, using the Chio's condensation method we present an inductive proof of Dodgson's determinantal identity.

BACKGROUND The role of bile in the genesis of oesophageal symptoms and disease is incompletely understood. A new method of ambulatory bile monitoring may help to define this role. AIMS To establish the relationship between symptom events and acid and bile reflux episodes. PATIENTS 59 consecutive patients presenting for further investigation of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. METHODS Al...

BACKGROUND The clinical significance of weakly acidic reflux in infants is unclear. Skin conductance is a novel not-invasive method to evaluate discomfort. The aim of our study was to evaluate reflux-induced discomfort in infants with gastroesophageal reflux disease using simultaneously combined skin conductance and esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring. METHODOLOGY...

a water soluble, bronsted acid, 5-sulfosalicylic acid as an efficient organocatalyst was used for the synthesis of physiologically active 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives from o-phenylenediamine and aromatic aldehydes in ethanol at reflux condition. cost-effectiveness, use of non-hazardous solvents, metal free and commercially available catalyst, single-step, environmentally friendly gre...

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Our research activities over the last few decades have concerned correlations between molecular structure and fluorescence. 2] A central theme of the research has been the synthesis and spectroscopic investigations of near-infrared (NIR) dyes to get insights into what degree the obtainable fluorescence quantum yields are restricted by the S0$S1 energy gap. Our results on the condensation of 1,4...

BACKGROUND Duodenogastric reflux is believed to cause damage to gastric mucosa. Most reports on this disorder concern adult patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS 1120 children with abdominal pain were studied; endoscopic features of duodenogastric reflux were found in 92 patients. To confirm the diagnosis of duodenogastric reflux, cholescintigraphy (Tc99-HEPIDA) was performed. Children with confirme...

The aim of this study was the separate measurement of reflux of food and acid into the oesophagus in 37 healthy, ambulant subjects. This was performed by radiolabelling the food and monitoring its reflux with a small directional gamma detector, which was placed externally over the oesophagus, and connected to an ambulatory data recorder. The pH was measured with a conventional oesophageal pH el...