It was with great interest that we read the article by Tutuian et al1 in a recent issue of CHEST (August 2006). The authors investigated temporal relationships between non-acid reflux and cough events in patients with persistent cough, utilizing impedance/pH monitoring and subjective recording of cough events by means of a diary and a self-operated digital data logger. Examining temporal relati...

Multivessel batch distillation is a promising alternative to conventional batch distillation. Earlier studies proved the feasibility of temperature control in a closed operation mode, that is, when no product is removed until the end of the process. In this article, the influence of the reflux strategy during the initial start-up period is investigated in detail. This is a very important task i...

This study investigated the relationship between depression, somatization, anxiety, personality, and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). We prospectively analyzed 231 patients with symptoms with LPR using the laryngopharyngeal reflux symptom index and the reflux finding score. Seventy nine (34.2%) patients were diagnosed with LPR. A significant correlation was detected between the presence of LPR a...

Bile reflux gastritis is due to an excessive reflux of duodenal contents into the stomach. The increased enterogastric reflux may provide the basis for increased mucosal injury. Bile reflux gastritis can appear in two circumstances: gastric resection with ablation of pylorus and primary biliary reflux due to the failure of pylorus. The aim of the study was to evaluate the endoscopical and histo...

Organic dispersions of graphene oxide can be thermally reduced in polar organic solvents under reflux conditions to afford electrically conductive, chemically active reduced graphene oxide (CARGO) with tunable C/O ratios, dependent on the boiling point of the solvent. The reductions are achieved after only 1 h of reflux, and the corresponding C/O ratios do not change upon further thermal treatm...

The study investigated the extraction process of active ingredients from akebia stem and an analysis of their anti-gastric cancer activity. Three different extraction methods were used to obtain extracts, namely the decoction method (group A), reflux extraction method (group B), and maceration method (group C), of which reflux extraction method and maceration method used ethanol as the extracti...

A prospective study to determine the incidence of hiatus hernia and gastro-oesophageal reflux in 1030 consecutive symptomatic adult Nigerian patients undergoing barium meal examination is reported. The results show a very low incidence of hiatus hernia (0-39%) and an equally low incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux (2-2%) when compared with similar studies in Europe and America. There was a h...

Abstract This paper presents the nonlinear dynamic analysis of an ideal two-reactant-two product reactive distillation. The impact of disturbance magnitudes and directions on openloop stability of the system is studied. An analysis of the physicochemical phenomena present in reactive distillation processes that, under certain operational conditions, causes special types of nonlinear behavior is...

PURPOSE To examine the proposed relation between gastroesophageal reflux disease and cancers of the larynx and pharynx. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A cohort of 66,965 patients with discharge diagnoses of heartburn, hiatal hernia, or esophagitis was identified in the Swedish Inpatient Register. We observed a total of 376,622 person-years in the cohort. Identification of laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer...

PURPOSE Recently, several studies have suggested that distal ureteral dilatation is an important factor influencing the spontaneous resolution of primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). We evaluated the relationship between distal ureteral dilatation and the spontaneous resolution of primary VUR. MATERIALS AND METHODS The medical records of 114 patients with primary VUR maintained on prophylacti...