II. Polarizing light microscope and geological samples III. Refractive index and its measurement IV. Optical classes-indicatrix theory V. Relationship of optical properties to crystal chemistry VI. Advanced methods in optical mineralogy GLOSSARY anisotropic mineral: A mineral with more than one principal refractive index. birefringence: The mathematical difference between the largest and smalle...

Distributions of ellipsoids are often used to simulate the optical properties of non-ellipsoidal atmospheric particles, such as dust. In this work, the applicability of ellipsoids for retrieving the refractive index of dust-like target model particles from scattering data is investigated. This is a pure modeling study, in which stereogrammetrically retrieved model dust shapes are used as target...

We present a novel scanning focused refractive-index microscopy (SFRIM) technique to obtain the refractive index (RI) profiles of objects. The method uses a focused laser as the light source, and combines the derivative total reflection method (DTRM), projection magnification, and scanning technique together. SFRIM is able to determine RIs with an accuracy of 0.002, and the central spatial reso...

This paper reports measurements of the refractive index of Homosil (Heraeus) over the wavelength range of 0.34—3.16 μm and temperature range of 120—335 K. These measurements were performed by using the Cryogenic High Accuracy Refraction Measuring System (CHARMS) facility at the NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. These measurements were in support of an integrated Structural-Thermal-Optical-Per...

By utilizing the interference between an absorptive resonance and an amplifying resonance, one can achieve an enhanced refractive index without an increase in absorption to the beam. We analyze noise added to the beam due to spontaneous emission while propagating through such an index enhanced medium. We find that, for a medium with a refractive index of n and of length L, n−1 2 / 0 L noise pho...

This paper presents the fabrication of chirped Fiber Bragg Grating (CFBG) from uniform Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) by etching technique in order to utilize it as refractive index sensors. Etching is carried out with the presence of a layer of silicone oil on top of the hydrofluoric acid to achieve partial-etching of the FBGs. The partiallyetched FBGs exhibit two different modes: fundamental mode ...

The physical limitations of lithographic imaging are ultimately imposed by the refractive indices of the materials involved. At oblique collection angles, the numerical aperture of an optical system is determined by nsin(θ) , where n is the lowest material refractive index (in the absence of any refractive power through curvature). For 193nm water immersion lithography, the fluid is the limitin...

Abstract – A new and accurate refractive index profile synthesis method for optical waveguides is demonstrated using the transmitted near electric field data. This method is based on an inverse transmission line technique. From Maxwell’s equations, we derive a transmission line equivalent circuit for the refractive index profile of a cylindrical dielectric waveguide. We demonstrate how to use t...