A new method of refrigeration is proposed. Cooling is obtained by therm-ionic emission of electrons over periodic barriers in a multilayer geometry. These could be either Schottky barriers between metals and semiconductors or else barriers in a semiconductor superlattice. The same device is an efficient power generator. A complete theory is provided.

Due to their contribution to the ozone depletion and the anthropogenic greenhouse warming effect caused by the refrigerant as well as the foam blowing agent household refrigerators and freezers were attracting public attention especially in Western Europe. The conversion to the use of environmentally benign fluids as refrigerants and foam blowing agents requires a large number of extensive, exp...

We describe techniques used to fabricate the cold stage of an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator that uses the paramagnetic salt ferric ammonium alum. We discuss the design of a leak-tight housing for the salt as well as a technique for growing ferric ammonium alum crystals that results in a housing filled with > 98% refrigerant. These techniques have proven to be reliable in creating robus...

The three-terminal heat device that consists of an electronic cavity and couples to a heat bath is studied both as a heat engine and as a refrigerator. We investigate the characteristic performance in the linear and nonlinear regime for both setups. It is our focus here to analyze how the efficiency of the heat engine and coefficient of performance of the refrigerator are affected by the nonlin...

Non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures (NARMs) are investigated for a twotemperature level heat exchange process found in a domestic refrigerator-freezer. Ideal (constant air temperature) heat exchange processes are assumed. The results allow the effects of intercooling between the evaporator refrigerant stream and the condenser outlet stream to be examined in a systematic manner. For the conditio...

It will bring about many problems for a Rl2 refrigerator compressor to use Rl34a as refrigerant directly, such as power increasing, capacity dropping, and noise rising up etc. In order to solve these problems, the mathematical model, optimization model and special test system were built up, many improvements were made by means of the calculating and the testing results. Finally, the performance...

We present an improved nuclear refrigerator reaching 0.3 mK, aimed at microkelvin nanoelectronic experiments, and use it to investigate metallic Coulomb blockade thermometers (CBTs) with various resistances R. The high-R devices cool to slightly lower T, consistent with better isolation from the noise environment, and exhibit electron-phonon cooling [proportional] T(5) and a residual heat-leak ...

We investigate electron thermalization of tunnel junction arrays installed in a powerful dilution refrigerator whose mixing chamber can produce lattice temperatures down to 3mK. The on-chip Coulomb blockade thermometers (CBT) against other thermometers at the mixing chamber provide direct information on the thermal equilibrium between the electronic system and the refrigerator. We can detect an...

This paper presents the results of a statistically designed experiment with eight all-refrigerator cabinets. The cabinets were designed with a view to be identical except for the fact that each cabinet was fitted with a specific non-adiabatic capillary arrangement. These cabinets were tested to the New Zealand test standard (NZS 6205.2) at 32°C ambient temperature and then the tests were repeat...

A computer model representing a two-evaporator, two-intercooler refrigerator-freezer opera ting at steady-state with nonazeotropic refrigerant mixtures (CYCLEZ) has been developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). This model is being used to assess the effects of system desig n and operating parameters on the cycle performance of a refrigerator-freezer designed around the L orenzMeutzner...