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The Greater Himalayas hold the largest mass of ice outside polar regions and are the source of the 10 largest rivers in Asia. Rapid reduction in the volume of Himalayan glaciers due to climate change is occurring. The cascading effects of rising temperatures and loss of ice and snow in the region are affecting, for example, water availability (amounts, seasonality), biodiversity (endemic specie...

Global climate models (GCMs) are important tools for addressing climate change questions at a global scale. Recent research has attempted to combine outputs from multiple GCMs to quantify uncertainty in regional climate change, which may ultimately inform regional stakeholders and policy-makers. Using a case study, we illustrate a potential path toward improvement in an existing Bayesian formul...

Despite an increased scientific understanding of the magnitude and regional variation in climate change in the coming decades, the societal costs of climate change remain difficult to quantify. This is mainly due to uncertainty surrounding future climate change and economic projections, as well as the complexities of linking physical impacts to economic processes. One of the sectors for which i...

because of low spatial resolution and simplifications in meteorological processes in global circulation models, they cannot sufficiently simulate the weather, comparing to the regional models; then, spatial and temporal downscaling of the gcm outputs are needed for decreasing errors of the global circulation models. there are two methods of downscaling: statistical and dynamic. weather generato...

Although it is well known that climate controls the distribution, productivity and functioning of vegetation on earth, our knowledge about the role of forests in regulating regional climate and water resources is lacking. The studies on climate-forests feedbacks have received increasing attention from the climate change and ecohydrology research communities. The goal of this study is to provide...

A wide range of infectious diseases may change their geographic range, seasonality and incidence due to climate change, but there is limited research exploring health vulnerabilities to climate change. In order to address this gap, pan-European vulnerability indices were developed for 2035 and 2055, based upon the definition vulnerability = impact/adaptive capacity. Future impacts were projecte...

Assessing the effects of climate change on threatened species requires moving beyond simple bioclimatic models to models that incorporate interactions among climatic trends, landscape change, environmental stochasticity, and species life history. Populations of marten (Martes americana) and lynx (Lynx canadensis) in southeastern Canada and the northeastern United States represent peninsular ext...

long recognized.3-5 Consequently, there has been a growing interest in investigating what changes in air quality may be brought about by the possible future changes in climate. The common assumption has been that warmer temperatures accompanying climate change will enhance pollution. However, due to the complex interplay of meteorology and chemistry in the formation of pollutants such as PM2.5 ...

BACKGROUND Although the message of "global climate change" is catalyzing international action, it is local and regional changes that directly affect people and ecosystems and are of immediate concern to scientists, managers, and policy makers. A major barrier preventing informed climate-change adaptation planning is the difficulty accessing, analyzing, and interpreting climate-change informatio...