helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human stomach and affects more than half of the global human population. this microorganism shows variations in its geographical distribution and causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. the development of these clinical entities depends on the ba...

soluble forms of nonclassical human leukocyte antigen (hla)-g have recently been suggested as immunomodulatory factors in multiple sclerosis (ms). hla-g inhibits the effecter function of t cells and natural killer (nk) cells. also regulatory t cells (treg) are considered as pivotal players in ms pathogenesis. thus, we aimed to evaluate the presence of hla-g molecules and treg cells in relapsing...

In this paper Basel regulation is modeled in Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) framework. For this purpose, using data from 1981-2017 for Iran, capital adequacy as an importance regulation is modeled. Results show Basel regulation has procyclical effect. According to the results of the model and according to the realities of economy and banking system of Iran, in recession, lending ...

In gene regulatory circuits, the expression of individual genes is commonly modulated by a set of regulating gene products, which bind to a gene's cis-regulatory region. This region encodes an input-output function, referred to as signal-integration logic, that maps a specific combination of regulatory signals (inputs) to a particular expression state (output) of a gene. The space of all possib...

Many regulatory molecules are present in low copy numbers per cell so that significant random fluctuations emerge spontaneously. Because cell viability depends on precise regulation of key events, such signal noise has been thought to impose a threat that cells must carefully eliminate. However, the precision of control is also greatly affected by the regulatory mechanisms' capacity for sensiti...

Complex genetic networks consist of structural modules that determine the levels and timing of a cellular response. While the functional properties of the regulatory architectures that make up these modules have been extensively studied, the evolutionary history of regulatory architectures has remained largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the transition between direct and indirect regulator...

Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells develop in the thymus and are essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance to self tissues. We report the critical requirement for CD154 up-regulation specifically on, and during the thymic development of, Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells for the induction of their clonal expansion within the medulla. In the absence of this signal, there was a severe reduction in their ...

Two-component systems (TCSs) and phosphorelays are key mediators of bacterial signal transduction. The signals activating these systems promote the phosphorylated state of a response regulator, which is generally the form that carries out specific functions such as binding to DNA and catalysis of biochemical reactions. An emerging class of proteins-termed TCS connectors-modulate the output of T...

Signal regulatory proteins of the alpha subtype (SIRPalpha) are ubiquitous molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily that negatively regulate protein tyrosine kinase receptor-dependent cell proliferation. Their intracytoplasmic domain contains four motifs that resemble immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIMs) and that, when tyrosyl-phosphorylated, recruit cytoplasmic SH2 domain...

UNLABELLED Exploiting mechanisms of utilizing the sugar d-galactose in Escherichia coli as a model system, we explored the consequences of accumulation of critical intermediates of the d-galactose metabolic pathways by monitoring cell growth, metabolites, and transcript profiles. These studies revealed both metabolic network changes far from the d-galactose pathway and changes in the global gen...