Credit scoring is a kind of binary classification problem that contains important information for manager to make a decision in particularly in banking authorities. Obtained scores provide a practical credit decision for a loan officer to classify clients to reject or accept for payment loan. For this sake, in this paper a data envelopment analysis- discriminant analysis (DEA-DA) approach is us...

Consider the class of problems in which a target class is well defined, and an outlier class is ill-defined. In these cases new outlier classes can appear, or the classconditional distribution of the outlier class itself may be poorly sampled. A strategy to deal with this problem involves a two-stage classifier, in which one stage is designed to perform discrimination between known classes, and...

there is a disagreement among scholars over the meaning of abraham’s leadership mentioned in the quran, 2, 124. in this connection, allamatabatabaee presents an innovative opinion and interprets leadership as guidance by the command (al-hidaya bi’l amr) since imam is qualified by guidance by the command as if the qualification is to describe the meaning of leadership (imamat). in allama’s opini...