Root shape is an important characteristic that affects the commodity of radish (Raphanus sativus L.), which can be measured using ratio root length (RL) to diameter (RD). Although it known controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs), reliable QTLs for are still lacking. In present study, we used three F2 populations (1902, 1908 and 1909) derived from crossing five cultivars with highly diverge...

Different ploidy levels, diploid (2n=2x=24) to hexaploid (2n=6x=72) have been reported for Acorus calamus, a perennial medicinal plant. According to available information, there is a significant relationship between the ploidy level and essential oil compositions and medicinal properties of this important genetic resource. However, there is no information about the chromosome number of A. calam...

The human chromosome complement at metaphase of mitosis may be divided into 10-I2 sets. The chromosomes are conventionally assigned to the various groups according to the criteria of length and arm ratio. It has not yet proved possible, using these criteria, to separate the whole of the chromosome complement into 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes. The chromosomes of the X-6-I2 group are partic...

In recent years, researches on reinforcement learning (RL) have focused on bridging the gap between adaptive optimal control and bio-inspired learning techniques. Neural network reinforcement learning (NNRL) is among the most popular algorithms in the RL framework. The advantage of using neural networks enables the RL to search for optimal policies more efficiently in several real-life applicat...

the anopheles stephensi mysorensis originating from kazeroon area south of iran, which had been maintained at the laboratory conditions of at 70% relative humidity for almost 150 generations, were subjected to cytogenetical analyses. the ‘instant’ landmarks in the squash preparations of the salivary gland chromosomes are indicative of cytotaxonomic characteristics of the species. the characteri...

RLWM Model RLWM includes two modules, a classic incremental RL module with learning rate a, and a WM module that can learn in a single trial (learning rate 1) but is capacity-limited (with capacity K). The WM module is also subject to forgetting. The final action choice is controlled by weighing the contributions of the RL and WM modules’ policies. How much weight is given to WM relative to RL ...

background: the androgen receptor (ar) gene contains a polymorphic trinucleotide repeat that encodes a polyglutamine tract in its n-terminal transactivation domain (ntad). we aimed to find a correlation between the length of this polymorphic tract and azoospermia or oligozoospermia in infertile men living in khuzestan, iran. materials and methods: in this case-control study during two years til...

Previous electron microscopic studies of synaptic terminal distributions in the lateral geniculate nucleus have been flawed by potential sampling biases favoring larger synapses. We have thus re-investigated this in the geniculate A-laminae of the cat with an algorithm to correct this sampling bias. We used serial reconstructions with the electron microscope to determine the size of each termin...