background and aim : self-administered questionnaires are clinically important to document how tinnitus affects the daily life of patients. in this regard, there is a need to have an alternative questionnaire that covers relevant aspects of tinnitus and related symptoms. the present study aimed to develop and validate a new tinnitus questionnaire known as tinnitus handicap que­stionnaire or bor...

introduction: considering schizophrenic patients’ problems with living skills, it seems necessary to evaluate these skills in this group of patients. in the present study, the kohlman evaluation of living skills (kels), developed by linda thomson kohlman at seattle, washington (1978), was first translated into persian and then its reliability and validity was determined. materials & methods: to...

The ability to demonstrate the validity and reliability of research findings is one important factors that determine value scientific research. Validity or trustworthiness are fundamental issues in whether qualitative, quantitative, mixed It a necessity for researchers describe which criteria they have taken into consideration obtained during process. Even though currently, qualitative still co...