In early embryos of Ciona, an invertebrate chordate, the animal-vegetal axis is established by combinatorial actions maternal factors. One target these factors, Foxd, specifically expressed in vegetal hemisphere and stabilizes activating hemisphere-specific genes repressing animal genes. This dual functionality essential for embryogenesis ascidian embryos; however, mechanism which Foxd can act ...

it has been more than half a century that plant geneticists and breeders have been trying to assemble a combinationof genes in crop plants, in order to make them as suitable and productive as possible. plant transformation technology incrop plants was first undertakenin the 1980s based on the ability of foreign gene integration into host plant genome andregeneration of transformed plant cells i...

Polycomb response elements (PREs) are cis-regulatory sequences required for Polycomb repression of Hox genes in Drosophila. PREs function as potent silencers in the context of Hox reporter genes and they have been shown to partially repress a linked miniwhite reporter gene. The silencing capacity of PREs has not been systematically tested and, therefore, it has remained unclear whether only spe...

Introduction All eukaryotes and at least some prokaryotes express the capacity to anticipate adapt daily changes of light temperature in their environments. These circadian programs are fundamental features many forms life. Cyanobacteria were first have demonstrated gene expression. Recently, a rhythm was also discovered an unrelated bacterium, Klebsiella aerogenes , human gut commensal nosocom...

In Drosophila melanogaster the male specific lethal (MSL) complex is required for upregulation of expression of most X-linked genes in males, thereby achieving X chromosome dosage compensation. The MSL complex is highly enriched across most active X-linked genes with a bias towards the 3' end. Previous studies have shown that gene transcription facilitates MSL complex binding but the type of pr...

Although transgene-based reporter gene assays have been used to discover small molecules targeting expression of cancer-driving genes, the success is limited due to the fact that reporter gene expression regulated by incomplete cis-acting elements and foreign epigenetic environments does not faithfully reproduce chemical responses of endogenous genes. Here, we present an internal ribosome entry...

Objective(s): Here, a reporter cell line containing two reporter vectors were developed, in order to monitor the Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type1(HTLV-1) infectivity and the cell viability simultaneously. Materials and Methods: The reporter cell line was constructed by stably transfected baby hamster's kidney cell line (BHK-21), with the genomes expressing two different reporters in separate pl...

The selection of a genetic reporter can be difficult because of the wide range of genes available. In order to reduce the selection, we compared the performance of different reporter genes: firefly luciferase (Photinus pyralis lucFF), bacterial luciferase operon (Photorhabdus luminescens luxCDABE), green fluorescent protein (Aequorea victoria gfp), and red fluorescent protein (Discosoma sp. dsr...

In Caenorhabditis elegans expression of the fluorescent reporter (Phsp16.2::GFP) is driven by transcription of a stress-responsive promoter sequence and has been shown to predict subsequent stress resistance (thermotolerance) and lifespan of individual animals within an isogenic population (Rea et al., 2005). The mechanism behind the predictive nature of this reporter is poorly understood. To b...