Cliff swallows ( Petrochelidon pyrrhonota ) were inoculated with differing doses of West Nile virus (WNV) to evaluate their potential role as reservoir hosts in nature. Swallows often nest in large colonies in habitats and months associated with high mosquito abundance and early WNV transmission in North America. Additionally, cliff swallow diet consists of insects, including mosquitoes, leadin...

Microbial populations associated with microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) and their abundance in the Xinjiang Luliang water-flooding petroleum reservoir were investigated using 16S rRNA, nitrate reductases, dissimilatory sulfate reductase, and methyl coenzyme-M reductase-encoded genes to provide ecological information for the potential application of MEOR. 16S rRNA gene miseq sequencing reve...

Ungaran volcano is located in the Central Java, Indonesia. Numerical analysis has performed in order to assess the geothermal potential of Ungaran volcano using a 3-D finite difference simulator HYDROTHERM Ver2.2. A conceptual model constructed based on the results of geophysical studies such as gravity, spontaneous-potential, microearthquake, infrared imagery and shallow ground temperature. De...

physical and chemical properties of  crude oil, including viscosity and api gravity, are commonly inherited  from the  early organic matter, environmental conditions in which they were deposited and depth of burial of the source beds. api gravity increases in deeper burial due to higher thermal maturation of organic matter in the source rocks and consequently, generation of lighter saturated hy...

Oil and gas reservoir flow simulation models are computational models that converge reservoir data collected from several sources into a single entity. They are used by reservoir engineers to forecast reservoir behaviour, a fundamental activity for better understanding of the underground reserves; they are also analyzed and discussed by a team of experts in related fields, ultimately attempting...