(VRE) are very serious problems because of the resistance against not only vancomycin but also many types of antimicrobials. Although enterococci are less virulent, they cause nosocomial infections. VRE was noted from the U.K. and France at first, and then they have become one of the most important nosocomial pathogens worldwide. In the case of the United States, the percentage of VRE in entero...

Large amounts of tylosin, zinc-bacitracin, and avilamycin are currently used as prophylactics in New Zealand broiler production. Avoparcin was also used from 1977 to 2000. A total of 382 enterococci were isolated from 213 fecal samples (147 individual poultry farms) using enrichment broths plated on m-Enterococcus agar lacking antimicrobials. These isolates were then examined to determine the p...

The first cases with vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) isolation were reported in 1988 throughout the world, and in 1998 in Turkey. The number of the papers conducted on cases or epidemics in which VRE was isolated is in increase. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate some studies at this topic. In conclusion, it was observed that the VRE strains isolated in the same clinic within a shor...

BACKGROUND Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have emerged as a growing problem in hospitals; however, domesticated animals, poultry, and wild birds are acting as potential reservoirs. There is a knowledge gap in the Epidemiology of VRE from Bangladesh. METHODS To study the prevalence of VRE and the mechanisms of resistance implicated among wild birds, 238 fecal samples were collected in ...

The prevalence of resistance in enterococci to antibiotics, commonly used for therapy in poultry or as antimicrobial growth promoters (AMGPs), was determined in faecal samples of two chicken populations: broilers in which antibiotic and AMGP use is common and laying-hens with a low antibiotic usage. In addition faecal samples were examined from three human populations: broiler farmers, laying-h...

The effects of teicoplanin (8 micrograms/ml), ampicillin (64 micrograms/ml), imipenem (32 micrograms/ml), and gentamicin (4 micrograms/ml), alone and in combination, against 13 unique blood isolates of vancomycin-resistance (MIC for 90% of isolates tested [MIC90], 512 micrograms/ml), teicoplanin-susceptible (MIC90, 2.0 micrograms/ml), ampicillin-resistant (MIC90, 128 micrograms/ml), and non-bet...

BACKGROUND In 2003, nosocomial infections caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) occurred rarely in Taiwan. Between 2003 and 2010, however, the average prevalence of vancomycin resistance among enterococci spp. increased from 2% to 16% in community hospitals and from 3% to 21% in medical centers of Taiwan. We used molecular methods to investigate the epidemiology of VRE in a tertiary ...

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have caused hospital outbreaks worldwide, and the vancomycin-resistance gene (vanA) has crossed genus boundaries to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Spread of VRE, therefore, represents an immediate threat for patient care and creates a reservoir of mobile resistance genes for other, more virulent pathogens. Evolutionary genetics, population st...

In the context of the global action plan to reduce the dissemination of antibiotic resistances it is of utmost importance to understand the population structure of resistant endemic bacterial lineages and to elucidate how bacteria acquire certain resistance determinants. Vancomycin resistant enterococci represent one such example of a prominent nosocomial pathogen on which nation-wide populatio...

BACKGROUND Whether vancomycin resistance is independently associated with mortality among patients with enterococcal bloodstream infection (BSI) is controversial. To address this issue, we performed a systematic literature review with meta-analysis. METHODS Data sources were studies identified using the MEDLINE database (for articles from 1988 through March 2003), the Cochrane Library (for ar...