In recent years, various studies have been undertaken on how to use waste materials in civil engineering projects. Among waste materials, waste rubber has been highlighted to be used for different purposes such as reinforcing of soil and making of reinforced slopes. To investigate the properties of granulated rubber-soil mixture and its application in making of slopes behind retaining walls, so...

Optimal design of cantilever reinforced concrete retaining wall can lead considerable cost saving if its involvement in hill road formation and railway line formation is significant.  A study of weight reduction optimization of reinforced cantilever retaining wall subjected to a sloped backfill using Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA) is carried out in the present research.  The r...

A small angle neutron scattering study reveals the structure of silk-fibroin sophorolipid composites to be interpenetrated, fibrous networks with individual components retaining their initial structures.

Enzymatic cleavage of the glycosidic bond yields products in which the anomeric configuration is either retained or inverted. Each mechanism reflects the dispositions of the enzyme functional groups; a facet of which is essentially conserved in 113 glycoside hydrolase (GH) families. We show that family GH97 has diverged significantly, as it contains both inverting and retaining alpha-glycosidas...

Paulo V. C. Medeiros, Sven Stafström and Jonas Björk, Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic perturbations on the electronic structure of graphene: Retaining an effective primitive cell band structure by band unfolding, 2014, Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, (89), 4, 041407-1-041407-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.041407 Copyright: American Physical Society http:/...

This paper delineates the development of a prototype hybrid knowledge-based system for the optimum design of liquid retaining structures, OPTLIQ, by coupling the blackboard architecture, an expert system shell VISUAL RULE STUDIO and genetic algorithm (GA). Through custom-built interactive graphical user interfaces under a user-friendly environment, the user is directed throughout the design pro...

Abstract The Portuguese national road and railway Network managed by Infraestruturas de Portugal, S.A. comprises over 20,000 earth‐retaining structures throughout Portugal. company seeks to improve processes through a dedicated management system that aligns with best asset practices. involves data collection, analysis, action planning based on inspection observations analysis of structure condi...