The study of various general orientations toward communication has held an important place in communication research for over a half-century. This research has been conducted under a wide variety of conceptualizations. These have included stage fright, speech anxiety, communication apprehension, shyness, reticence, unwillingness to communicate, willingness to communicate, talkativeness, verbal ...

BACKGROUND Urinary tract symptoms are common in women. A variety of risk factors have been investigated in the past. One of the more likely risk factors for these symptoms is recent sexual intercourse; another is diaphragm use. Morbidity levels are increasing, although effective antibiotic treatment is available. AIM To study the beliefs of women and their general practitioners (GPs) about ur...

BACKGROUND Clinical trials require high levels of participation and low drop-out rates to be successful. However, collecting blood samples from individuals recruited into clinical trials can be challenging when there is reticence about blood-taking. In addition to concerns regarding the feasibility of medical research, fears of 'blood-stealing' and 'blood-selling' have ethical implications rela...

BACKGROUND Most burns happen in low- and middle-income countries. In India, deaths related to burns are more common in women than in men and occur against a complex background in which the cause - accidental or non-accidental, suicidal or homicidal - is often unclear. Our study aimed to understand the antecedents to burns and the problem of ascribing cause, the sequence of medicolegal events af...

This article seeks to understand the factors that have impeded meaningful intergroup reconciliation in Guatemala by drawing on scholarship addressing reconciliation, connections between ideology and violence wider literature Peace Conflict Studies. The interrogates how ideological identitarian frameworks drove narratives precipitated sustained Guatemala’s genocide against indigenous Maya contin...

Cultic and other honors offered to rulers by their subjects unambiguously express loyalty the rulers. Based on data collected for Seleukid Ptolemaic empires, a comparison is emphasizing particular qualities of record. The considers geographic distribution, where fell public private spectrum, occupations ethnicities who individually, intensity these practices, changes in patterns over time. We k...